Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rajan K Pillai
Going Underground
Salt Leached Caverns. Aquifers or Depleted fields Disused mines. Under round Roc! Caverns "Unlined # lined$
%orehole
Aquifers
+,drocar)on Stora e (mpermea)le stratum
Disused Mines
&ater ta)le
at !isakhapatnam
#o"crete Plu!
P
Gaseous phase Liquid phase
Hydraulic Pressure (H) > Vapour Pressure (P) + Shape Factor (F) + Safety
ar!i"(S)
/01 m
/234 m
&ater Curtain
Upper Shaft Connection "USC$ Sump 8hich houses the su)mersi)le pumps
Source 6 SALP*
Storage Caverns
/ Caverns for li ht products # crudes can )e desi ned to have flat inverts 8ith 8ater )eds "8ater )ed not required for LP*$ / 'hese caverns have no heatin s,stems. / Can )e made for products 8hich do not have major slud e pro)lems
/ Caverns are desi ned to have a slope for ensurin a proper flo8 to8ards the sumps. / +eatin s,stem provided for heatin and circulation of the product stored. / 'he desi n permits stora e of heav, oils and heav, crudes.
Storage Caverns
Cost: m0 of stora e
'op +eadin 01 5
%enches 41 5
Drillin
Holes are char!ed $ith e%plosi&es after drilli"! a"d co"trolled blasti"! carried out
Drillin
Pull
,-ample of 0ock Cavern constructed using road headers for top heading . +lasting for +enching follo1ed +y trimming +y road headers2 Cross section is 34 sq m
Source 6 *eostoc!
Crude 'an!ers
+eat -.ch.
5ver +reaks as sho1n can slo1 do1n progress to a large e-tent2 Also a ma6or safety issue2
To ensure there is good sta+ility of the cavern7 rock +olts need to +e installed and shortcrete applied2 Poorer the rock strata7 larger is the support requirement2
Large num+er of cracks and fissures in the rock could lead to large over +reaks 2and e-cessive supports
%ater +earing (ones could result in large 1ater ingress if pre)grouting is not resorted to2 The time taken up +y grouting could delay e-cavation2
+i h permea)ilit, and 8ater )earin strata could result in hi her routin and slo8 e.cavation pro ress.
Thank You