BME 140 Review

Michael Klopfer 3/17/2014

Disclaimer: I do not know the exact problems on the final this session will cover major concepts that I believe are important to your success on the exam, it is not meant to be a comprehensive review!

Offset Nullification A good approach

Offset Nullification An alternative (typically not as good approach)

Offset Nullification An alternative (typically not as good approach)

Offset Nullification An alternative (typically not as good approach)

Offset Nullification An alternative (typically not as good approach)

Know this circuit, be able to prove it for the exam! The trick is knowing how to apply kirchhoff's laws for the coupled non-inverting amplifier at the input Why are the gains set as they are?

Why all the leads?

ECG Leads and Electrical Axis

Ground

The Heart acts as a charge pump

This model is used to show the reason why thee leads show the values they do when differentially amplified

Interesting Key Point KNOW THIS!

Estimating the Cardiac Vector Direction

How can you estimate the cardiac vector by just knowing the lead voltages? Remember for (LEAD I, LEAD II, and LEAD III), only 2 leads are linearly independent, in the set -- the 3rd is linearly dependent on the other two

There are several geometric tricks to calculate/estimate the cardiac vector (either instantaneous or mean) See class notes or Watch this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jg5X3V5I PS4

Left Anterior Descending [LAD] (The Widowmaker)

Other Discussed Topics:

Destruction of heart anatomy and different contraction patterns Vulnerable versus stable plaque, coronary artery anatomy STEMI/NSTEMI/ clinical variants in ECG 12 versus 3 lead ECG (Whats the difference?) Let go current (What is this, why does it occur) Effect of electrical frequency on shock Skin effect Effect of chronaxie (Very short pulses and depolarization) How electrosurgery works Potentiomeer versus filters for DC offset correction Breakdown of ECG circuit what each component does Electrode types Polarizable Non-polarizable Ion flow / electrolysis Input impedance of different op-amp circuits

You should also know:

How to prove all op amp circuits from class with Kirchhoff's laws How to identify various op amp circuits (inverting, follower/voltage buffer, noninverting, summing, etc and immediately know the associated gain formulas and then be able to go and apply the necessary Kirchhoff's laws for the proof What a potentiometer is and how it can be used for offset correction The total and complete proof of the instrumentation amplifier using kirchhoff's laws Filters and calculating filter impedance Polarizable versus non-polarizable electrodes why to use one versus the other and what they are Calculating the cardiac vector (Practice this!) Effect of frequency on electrical shock and heart disruption What each part of the ECG circuit does and why it is there The golden rules of the Op-amp Heart/muscle physiology and action potentials The Nernst potential and how it applies to this course Capacitative coupling and ground loops (electrical safety)