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Introduction
Why Balance? Rotating components experience significant quality and performance improvements when balanced. Balancing is the process of aligning a principal inertia axis with the geometric axis of rotation through the addition or removal of material. By doing so, the centrifugal forces are reduced, minimizing vibration, noise and associated wear.
Balancing The process of providing the second mass in order to counteract the effect of the centrifugal force of the first mass, is called balancing of rotating masses. To eliminate all shaking forces and shaking moments Any link or member that is in pure rotation can, theoretically, be perfectly balanced to eliminate all shaking forces and shaking moments. A rotating member can be balanced either statically or dynamically. The amount and location of any imbalance can be measured quite accurately and compensated for by adding or removing material in the correct locations..
Balancing

Types of Balancing
Static Balancing: Static balancing is a balance of forces due to action of gravity. A body is said to be in static balance when its centre of gravity is in the axis of rotation. An other name for static balance is single-plane balance, which means that the masses which are generating the inertia forces are in, or nearly in, the same plane.

Some examples of common devices which meet this criterion, and thus can successfully be statically balanced, are: A single gear or pulley on a shaft, A bicycle or motorcycle tire and wheel, A thin flywheel, An airplane propeller, An individual turbine blade-wheel (but not the entire turbine) Balancing

Types of Unbalancing

Balancing

Types of Balancing
Static Unbalancing: A condition of static unbalance exists when the mass center does not lie on the axis of rotation. Static unbalance is also known as Force Unbalance. As defined, static unbalance is an ideal condition, it has the additional condition that the axis of rotation be parallel to the central principal axis . no couple unbalance.

Balancing

Types of Balancing
Static Unbalancing: A condition of static unbalance exists when the mass center does not lie on the axis of rotation. Static unbalance is also known as Force Unbalance. As defined, static unbalance is an ideal condition, it has the additional condition that the axis of rotation be parallel to the central principal axis . no couple unbalance.

Balancing

Types of Balancing
Balancing

Balancing

Types of Balancing
Dynamic balancing: Dynamic balance is a balance due to the action of inertia forces. A body is said to be in dynamic balance when the resultant moments or couples, which involved in the acceleration of different moving parts is equal to zero. The conditions of dynamic balance are met, the conditions of static balance are also met. Any rotating object or assembly which is relatively long in the axial direction compared to the radial direction requires dynamic balancing for complete balance. Dynamic balance is sometimes called two plane balance

It require that two criteria to be met

The sum of forces must be zero And the sum of moments must also be zero
Balancing

Types of Balancing

Balancing

Types of Balancing
Dynamic balancing: Some examples of devices which require dynamic balancing are: Rollers Crank-shafts Camshafts Axles Clusters of multiple gears, motor rotors, turbines, propeller shafts. COUPLE UNBALANCE: Is a specific condition that exists when the central principal axis of inertia is not parallel with the axis of rotation. Couple unbalance is often presented as dynamic unbalance in engineering classes,. As defined, couple unbalance is an ideal condition. It carries the additional condition that the mass center lie on the axis of rotation . no static unbalance.

Balancing

Types of Balancing
Dynamic Unbalancing:
The most general case of unbalance in which the central principal axis is not parallel to and does not intersect the axis of rotation. Dynamic unbalance is also referred to as two plane unbalance, indicating that correction is required in two planes to fully eliminate dynamic unbalance.

Balancing

Balancing of Rotating Masses..

Balancing involves redistributing the mass which may be carried out by addition or removal of mass from various machine members Balancing of rotating masses can be of Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass rotating in the same plane. Balancing of a single rotating mass by two masses rotating in different planes. Balancing of several masses rotating in the same plane Balancing of several masses rotating in different planes

Balancing

Balancing of Rotating Masses..

Balancing of a single rotating mass by a single mass rotating in the same plane.

Balancing

Balancing of Rotating Masses..

THE PLANE OF THE DISTURBING MASS LIES IN BETWEEN THE PLANESOF THE TWO BALANCING MASSES.

Balancing

Balancing of Rotating Masses..

Balancing of several masses rotating in the same plane.

Balancing

Balancing of Rotating Masses..

Balancing of several masses rotating in the different plane.

When several masses revolve in different planes, they may be transferred to a reference plane (briefly written as R.P.), which may be defined as the plane passing through a point on the axis of rotation and perpendicular to it.

Balancing

Balancing of Rotating Masses..

Balancing of several masses rotating in the different plane.

When several masses revolve in different planes, they may be transferred to a reference plane (briefly written as R.P.), which may be defined as the plane passing through a point on the axis of rotation and perpendicular to it.

Balancing

Balancing of Rotating Masses..

Balancing of several masses rotating in the different plane.

When several masses revolve in different planes, they may be transferred to a reference plane (briefly written as R.P.), which may be defined as the plane passing through a point on the axis of rotation and perpendicular to it. Reference plane: the plane passing through a point on the axis of rotation and perpendicular to it. In order to have a complete balance of the several revolving masses in different planes, the following two conditions must be satisfied : The forces in the reference plane must balance, i.e the resultant force must be zero. The couples about the reference plane must balance, i.e. the resultant couple must be zero.

Balancing

Balancing of Rotating Masses..

Balancing of several masses rotating in the different plane.

Balancing

Balancing of Reciprocating engine Effect of the reciprocating parts is to produce a shaking force and a shaking couple. Since the shaking force and a shaking couple vary in magnitude and direction during the engine cycle, therefore they cause very objectionable vibrations. but it is usually not practical to eliminate them completely. In other words, the reciprocating masses are only partially balanced.

Balancing

Balancing of Reciprocating engine

The primary unbalanced force is maximum, when = 0 or 180. Thus, the primary force is maximum twice in one revolution of the crank. The secondary unbalanced force is maximum, when = 0, 90,180 and 360. Thus, the secondary force is maximum four times in one revolution of the crank. From above we see that secondary unbalanced force is 1/n times the maximum primary unbalanced force.

Balancing

Balancing of Reciprocating Masses

F23
F32

3
Tg

F21 F43 F12

=t
F41
x 21

Shaking force, F

mBAB = x F41

Shaking couple , T

Forces on the frame of the engine

Shaking force, F

x 21

= =

mBAB x F41

Shaking couple , T

shaking force

Forces of shaking couple

Shaking force, F

x 21

= =

mBAB x F41

Shaking couple , T

mB r 2
mB balancing force 2

b B r B 2 cos t
1

=t

mB r 2cos t
Primary disturbing force

b B r B 2
this force to line of stroke not balanced

b B r B 2 sin t

b B r B= mB r
for 100 %Balancing along the line of stroke

MULTI CYLINDER IN-LINE ENGINES:

Common crank shaft driven by number of connecting rods Angular interval between successive cranks , (2 / n) in the case of 2-stroke engine (4 / n) in the case of 4-stroke engine

Where n is the number of cylinders

firing order influences balancing condition

Useless Education
Chanakya Neeti says that Education will be considered useless until it is not put to some practical use. The life of an uneducated person is a total waste. Similar is the case with an army without a commander

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