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Sparisoma Viridi*
KK Fisika Nuklir dan Biofisika Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *dudung@gmail.com
Outline
Notes Illustration Some definitions Two types of approach Stages of problem solving Strategies Kerja kelompok Contoh presentasi
Bandung, 19 Juli 2013 2
Notes
There is information about the reference(s), that can be found in the internet, at the bottom of each page of a new topic. This information includes source of texts, images, or other types of multimedia objects.
Illustration
We all solve problems on a daily basis, in academic situations, at work, and in our day-to-day lives.
Problem Solving and Analytical Skills, Careers and Employability Service, University of Kent, URI http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/sk/problem-solvingskills.htm [20130719.0319].
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Illustration (cont.)
Some of the problems that are typically faced by students include:
Putting together an argument for an essay Debugging a computer program Dealing with an awkward customer when working part-time in a shop or restaurant
Illustration (cont.)
Thinking about how you are going to manage your budget to keep you going until the end of term Working out why your printer wont respond Developing a strategy to reach the next level of a computer game.
Illustration (cont.)
Mihaela Sharkova, Problem Solving and Analytical Skills, 10 May 2011, URI http://mihaelasharkova.wordpress.com/2011/05/10/problem-solving/ [20130719 .0501].
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Some definitions
Problem-solving is a mental process that involves discovering, analyzing and solving problems. The ultimate goal of problemsolving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue.
Carter McNamara, Problem Solving and Decision Making (Solving Problems and Making Decisions), Free Management Library, URI http:// management help.org/personalproductivity /problem-solving.htm[20130719.0227].
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Rational approach
A person with rational approach often prefers using a comprehensive and logical approach similar to the guidelines. For example, the rational approach is often used when addressing large, complex matters in strategic planning. There are structured guidelines in this type of approach.
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Organic approach
With organic approach, some people assert that the dynamics of people are not nearly so mechanistic as to be improved by solving one problem after another. Often, the quality of life comes from how one handles being on the road itself, rather than the arriving at the destination.
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Problem Solving, SkillsYouNeed Helping You Develop Life Skills, URI http://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/problem-solving.html [20130719.0306].
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Problem Solving and Analytical Skills, Careers and Employability Service, University of Kent, URI http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/sk/problem-solvingskills.htm [20130719.0319].
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Strategies
Abstraction: solving the problem in a model of the system before applying it to the real system. Analogy: using a solution that solves an analogous problem.
Wikipedia contributors, Problem solving, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 25 June 2013, 06:19 UTC, oldid:561473281 [20130719.0212].
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Strategies (cont.)
Brainstorming: (especially among groups of people) suggesting a large number of solutions or ideas and combining and developing them until an optimum solution is found. Divide and conquer: breaking down a large, complex problem into smaller, solvable problems.
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Strategies (cont.)
Hypothesis testing: assuming a possible explanation to the problem and trying to prove (or, in some contexts, disprove) the assumption. Lateral thinking: approaching solutions indirectly and creatively. Means-ends analysis: choosing an action at each step to move closer to the goal.
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Strategies (cont.)
Method of focal objects: synthesizing seemingly non-matching characteristics of different objects into something new. Morphological analysis: assessing the output and interactions of an entire system. Proof: try to prove that the problem cannot be solved. The point where the proof fails will be the starting point for solving it.
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Strategies (cont.)
Reduction: transforming the problem into another problem for which solutions exist. Research: employing existing ideas or adapting existing solutions to similar problems. Root cause analysis: identifying the cause of a problem. Trial-and-error: testing possible solutions until the right one is found.
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Kerja kelompok
Buat kelompok terdiri dari lima orang. Pikirkan contoh-contoh permasalahan dan ajukan (waktu 5 menit). Diskusikan contoh-contoh permasalahan yang diajukan dan telah disepakati sebagai contoh menggunakan pendekatan rasional (20 menit). Presentasikan problem solving dari permasalahan tersebut (10-15 menit/kelompok)
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Contoh presentasi 1
Perkenalkan kami adalah .. Topik yang akan dibahasa adalah Konsep Gaya Sentripetal dalam Gerak Melingkar. Bagaimana menjelaskan gerak roller-coaster merupakan alasannya. Strategi: analogi menggunakan hukum II Newton
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Contoh presentasi 2
Perkenalkan kami adalah .. Topik yang akan dibahasa adalah Tidak Mengerti Penjelasan Dosen. Alasan: malas kuliah karena hampir setiap kuliah tidak jelas. Strategi: uji hipotesis masalah komunikasi
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Terima kasih
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