Classification of Medically Important Viruses

Dr Zakuan Zainy Deris

M.D (USM), M.Pat (Micro!iolo"y), #$DUSM %ecturer&Clinical Micro!iolo"ist

'!(ecti)es
* +no, t e defination of )irus, )irusoid and prion * +no, t e e-ample of medically important )iruses * +no, t e different classification of t e )irus * +no, o, t e )irus classify

Viruses
* Smallest infectious a"ents (./nm01//nm) * Consist of one kind of nucleic acid (23$ or D3$) * Surrounded !y one or more proteins * Some a)e outer mem!rane en)elope 0lipid * Do not a)e ri!osomes or en4ymes * '!li"ate intracellular parasites
5 Inert in e-tracellular en)ironment 5 2eplicate only in li)in" cells 5 (parasites at "enetic le)el)

* Virusoid 5 3ucleic acids t at need t e elper )iruses )irus0like particles. 6.".7 8epatitis D delta a"ent * Viroids 5 molecules of naked, cyclical, small 23$s and restricted to plants * Prions 5 $!normal proteins t at can spread from cell to cells and c an"es t e normal cellular protiens disrupts t e normal cell functions. 6.".7 C9D, :S6, +uru

;erm used in )irolo"y

* Capsid 5; e protein s ell * 6n)elope 5 $ lipid0containin" mem!rane t at surrounds some )irus particle * 3ucleocapsid 5 ; e protien0nucleic acid comple- representin" t e packa"e from t e )iral "enome * Virion 5 ; e complete )irus particle * Defecti)e )irus 5 a )irus particle t at is functionally deficiency in some aspect of replication

6-ample of Virus

23$

<lycoprotien Capsid

8istory
* ; e first classification of viruses as a "roup distinct from ot er microor"anisms ,as !ased on t eir capacity to pass t rou" filters of a small pore si4e (=filtera!le a"ents>). * Initial su!classifications ,ere !ased primarily on pat olo"ic properties suc as specific or"an tropism (e."., epatitis viruses) or common epidemiolo"ic features suc as transmission !y art ropod )ectors (e."., ar!o)iruses).

Classification
Current classification systems are !ased on ?. ; e type and structure of t e )iral nucleic acid and t e strate"y used in its replication, .. ; e type of symmetry of t e )irus capsid ( elical )ersus icosa edral), and 1. ; e presence or a!sence of a lipid en)elope

; e 3ucleic $cid

Viral 23$

Capsid

Icosa edral Capsid

86%IC$% C$PSID

Viral en)elope

6%6C;2'3 MIC2'SC'P@ '# 862P6S SIMP%6A VI2US (8SV)

't er properties as !ee used for classification

* Virion morp olo"y 5 si4e, s ape * P ysiolo"ycal properties of t e )irion 5 molecular mass, p8 sta!ility, t ermal sta!ility and suscepti!le to p ysical and c emical a"ents * 't er )iral "enome properties 5 si4e of 3$, strandedness, linear or circular, se"ment * Viral protein properties 5 num!er, si4e, function, structure, amino acid seBuence * $nti"enic properties

Virus ;o-onomy
* $ system to separate t e )irus to ma(or "roup * #amilies (suffi- -viridae) !ased on )irion morp olo"y, "enome structure and strate"ies of replication * <enera (suffi- -virus) !ased on p ysicoc emical and serolo"ic differences

3uclei c acid core

D3$

Capsid Symmet ry
Icosa ed ral

Virion

6t er sensiti)i ty
2esistant

3o of capso meres
1. C. .D. ?E/ ?F.

Si4e (nm)
?E0.F GD0DD E/0??/ G/0GE ?D/0.// .1/AG//

Si4e of 3$ (k!)
D.F D0E 1F01E 1.. ?.G0.1D ?1/01CD C..0E.G C..0C.H C.G0C.C ?F0.C H.C0??.E H.D0?..D ?/0?G ./01/ C0?? ??0.? ?/0?1.F ?F0./ ?10?F E.D0?/.D ?H.?

;ype of 3$
ss ds circular ds ds circular ds ds ss ss ss ds se"ment ss ss ss se"ment ss ss diploid ss se"ment ss se"ment ss ss ss Ss

Virus #amily

3aked

6n)eloped

Sensiti)e

Par)o)iridae Papo)a)iridae $deno)iridae 8epadna)iridae 8erpes)iridae Po-)iridae Picorna)iridae $stro)iridae Calici)iridae 2eo)iridae ;o"a)iridae #la)i)iridae $rena)iridae Corona)iridae 2etro)iridae :unya)iridae 'rt omy-o)iridae Paramy-o)iridae 2 a!do)iridae :orna)iridae #ilo)iridae

Comple-

Complecoats 3aked

2esistant 2esistant 1. 1. ?1. G.

23$

Icosa ed ral

6n)eloped Unkno,n or comple6n)eloped

Sensiti)e Sensiti)e

.E01/ .E01/ .C01E F/0E/ D/0C/ GD0F/ D/01// E/0../ E/0?// E/0?./ E/0?./ ?D/01// CDA?E/ E/0?.D E/A?///

8elical

6n)eloped

Sensiti)e

Classification of Viruses 23$0Containin" Viruses

#amily Picorna)iridae $stro)iridae Calici)iridae ;o"a)iridae #la)i)iridae Corona)iridae 2 a!do)iridae Paramy-o)irid ae #ilo)iridae 6-ample Polio)irus $stro)irus 3or,alk )irus 2u!ella )irus ;ype of 3ucleic $cid SS (I) 23$ SS (I) 23$ SS (I) 23$ SS (I) 23$ <enome Si4e (+! or +! Pairs) C5E C5E E ?/5?. ?/5?. ./511 ?15?F ?D5?F ?H 6n)elop e 3o 3o 3o @es @es @es @es @es @es I I I I P 8 8 8 8 Capsid Symmetry

@ello, fe)er SS (I) 23$ )irus Corona)irus SS (I) 23$ 2a!ies )irus Measles )irus 6!ola )irus SS (J) 23$ SS (J) 23$ SS (J) 23$

23$0Containin" Viruses (Cont)

#amily 6-ample ;ype of 3ucleic $cid <enome Si4e (+! or +! Pairs) 6n)elo pe Capsid Symmetry

$rena)iridae

%ymp ocytic c oriomenin "itis )irus

. circular SS (am!isense) 23$ se"ments 1 circular SS (am!isense) 23$ se"ments E SS (J) 23$ se"ments K ?/5?. DS 23$ L se"ments . identical SS (I) 23$ se"ments

D5C

@es

:unya)iridae California encep alitis )irus 'rt omy-o)i ridae 2eo)iridae Influen4a )irus 2ota)irus

?/5.1

@es

?.5?D

@es

?E51/

3o

2etro)iridae

8IV0?

C5??

@es

IMcapsid 8M nucleo0 capsid

DNA-Containing Viruses
#amily 6-ample ;ype of 3ucleic $cid <enome Si4e (+! or +! Pairs) 1 D D E 1/5G. ?./5../ ?1/51CD 6n)elope Capsid Symmetry I I I I I I Comple8epadna)irida e Par)o)iridae Polyoma)irida e Papilloma)irid ae $deno)iridae 8erpes)iridae Po-)iridae 8epatitis : )irus 8uman par)o)irus :?H 9C )irus 8uman papilloma)irus $deno)irus 8erpes simple- )irus Vaccinia )irus Circular DS D3$ ,it SS portions SS (I) or (J) D3$ Circular DS D3$ Circular DS D3$ %inear DS D3$ %inear DS D3$ %inear DS D3$ ,it co)alently closed ends @es 3o 3o 3o 3o @es @es