Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Muhammad Tahir Kundi

Roll no 6

Definition
STDs

are a group of communicable diseases

predominantly by sexual contact.

Transmitted Caused

by a wide range of bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal agents.

Classification Of STDs Agents

1.

Bacterial agents
B) Chlamydiae trachomatis D) Hemophillus ducreys

A) Neisseria Gonorrhea C) Treponema pallidum

D) Mycoplasma Hominis
G) Shigella SSP

E) Ureoplasma ureolyticum
H) Group B streptococcus

2)Viral Agents: A) Herpes Simplex Virus B) Cytomegalo virus C) Hepatitis B virus

D)HPV

3) Protozoal Agents
A)Entamoeba histolytica B)Giardia Lambia

C) Trichonoma Vaginalis

4) Fungal agents
A) Candida Albicans

5) Ectoparasites
A) Phithirus pubis B) Sacroptes Scabies

Epidemiological Determinants
Agent factors
Pathogens
Neisseria gonorhhea Treponema Pallidum Hemophillus ducreys
Chlamydiae Trachomatis

Diseases Or Syndromes
Gonorhhea, urethritis, cervicitis, epididymitis, salpingitis,PID, Neonatal conjunctivits Syphillus Chancroid

LGV, Urethritis, Cervicitis, Epididymitis, PID, Neonatal Cojunctivits

Genital herpes Acute and chronic hepatitis Genital and anal warts AIDS

Herpes Simplex virus HBV HPV HIV

Candida Albicans Trachomonas Vaginalis

Vaginitis Vaginitis

Host Factors

A) Age
20-24 yrs old Most serious morbidity during fetal development and neonate.

B) Sex
Men > Women

C) Demographic Factors:
Population

Explosion

Marked increase in the number of young people

D) Social Factors
A) Prostitution B) Broken Homes C) Sexual disharmony D) Easy Money E) Emotional Immaturity F) Urbanization and Industrialization

 G)Social Disruption H) International Travel I) Changing Behavioural Patterns J) Social Stigma K) Alcohalism

Control of STD
1. Initial Planning 2. Intervention stratigies 3. Support components 4. Monitering and evaluation

1) Initial Planning
A)

Problem definition:

The disease problem must be defined in terms of

Prevelance Psychosocial consequences

Health effects

 B)

Establishing Priorities

Priority groups must be categorized on the basis of

Age
Sex

Place of residence
Occupation Drug addiction etc

C) Setting objectives:
Priorities must be converted into

discrete
achievebale

measureable quantities.

D) Considering Strategies

2. Intervention Strategies
1) Case detection
A)

Screening
Pregnant women Blood donors Industrial workers Army Refugees Prostitutes Convicts Hotel staff

B) Contact Tracing
Technique by which sexual partners of diagnosed patients are
Identified Located Investigated Treated

C) Cluster testing

2) Case holding and treatment

3)

Epidemiological treatment

4)

Personal prophylaxis
It includes Contraceptives and washing of exposed parts with soap and water.

5) Health education

3) Support Components
1. 2.

STD Clinics Labouring services

3.
4. 5.

Primary Health Care

Information systems Legislation

6.

Social welfare measures

4) Monitering and evaluation