1.Metallic Materials 2.

Non-Metallic Materials

Metallic Materials
1. Ferrous materials 2. Non-Ferrous materials

Ferrous:

Iron & its iron alloys such as grey cast iron, malleable cast iron, wrought cast iron and steels of low and high carbon content. Non-ferrous: Copper, zinc, tin, lead and their alloys like brass, bronze, gun metal, duralumin. Non-metallic materials: Plastics, rubber, leather, carbon, wood, glass.

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Need for Material Selection

Many new materials
Many new material types New manufacturing methods

Properties of existing materials improved

Increased use of advanced materials Entirely new design configurations feasible Increased competition between materials

Selection of Materials in Mechanical Design

A systematic approach: 1.Conventional practices and individual experiences determine the type of the material to be used in the application. 2.This practice saves the design time. 3.It overlooks the objectives of the product for which the materials are being selected.

Stepwise details of the approach

1.Define the material requirements.
2. Find possible materials 3.Make a choice

S.NO

PRODUCT OBJECTIVE

MATERIAL REQUIREMENT

1 2

Initial cost Processing cost

Materials, Transportation Machineability, Forgability, hot/cold rolled, Weldability, Heat treatment characteristics.

3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Maintenance cost
Efficiency Mass production Accuracy Aesthetics Noise Safety Functional requirements for reliable performance Weight

Wear , lubrication , corrosion and failure characteristics

Surface properties , corrosion characteristics and thermal characteristics. Castability , machinability , forgebility and other processing characteristics. Wear characteristics, surface finish obtainable, hardness and stiffness. Natural appearance, adaptability for surface coatings. Damping characteristics, lubrication properties, stiffness and others. Chemical properties, failure characteristics and others. Strength, endurance limit, yield characteristics, hardness, impact resistance, magnetisation and others. Specific weight, strength and others.

11

S.NO 1

Class of influencing factors Influencing factors Resources limitations Availability of materials Manufacturing process available Available modes of transportation and others

Users Restrictions

Maximum permissible cost Maximum permissible noise level Maximum acceptable life Desired quality Desired delivery date Inhibitions for aesthetics Maximum acceptable weight Maintenance level acceptable and others

Environmental conditions

Restriction on utilization of indigenous resources Environmental conditions for service life

Material selection is a step in the process of designing any physical object. This selection process can be defined by application requirements, possible materials, physical principles, and selection.

Requirements involved in material selection

Service

requirement Fabrication requirements Economic requirements

SERVICE REQUIREMENTS
Dimensional stability
Corrosion resistance Adequate strength

Hardness
Toughness Heat resistance.

Fabrication Requirements
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES:
Strength
Rigidity Quality Durability

Economic Requirements
Material cost:
Initial cost Processing cost
Maintenance cost

suitable cost

Properties

transparent absorbent malleable

Materials used transparent

strong Characteristics of materials

flexible opaque strong smooth

rough
flexible soft keeps heat in malleable strong shiny dull hard

Pre-Selection of materials:
Purpose of Pre-Selection

Examples for pre-Selection

Systematic Approach Base Material for Pre-Selection

Purpose of Pre-Selection/Sifting of Material

Type of Material

Manufacturing Process
Function Specification

Systematic Approach