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Manuscript Delivery
Reading directly from text
Delivering Your Presentation

Strategies for Memorized Speaking

Do not speak too rapidly Avoid patterns of vocal inflections Use gestures and movements

Impromptu Speaking
Consider your audience Be brief Organize Draw on experience and knowledge Use gestures and movements Be sensitive to audience
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Extemporaneous Speaking
Start with a preparation outline Rehearse with a delivery outline Dont memorize word for word Adapt delivery to audience Use natural gestures and movement

Using Words Well

Concrete Words
Poodle vs. Dog Lego vs. Toy Chairperson vs. Chairman Member of Congress vs. Congressman Distressed oak table vs. table Scruffy old cat vs. cat

Unbiased Words
Vivid Words Simple Words

Avoid long words, scientific words, foreign phrases or jargon

Converse vs. conversate

Correct Words

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Nonverbal Delivery: Eye Contact

Establish eye contact
Maintain eye contact

Connect with different audience members

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Challenge Question
Which of the following will help you establish effective eye contact with an audience?
A. Scan your audience without sustaining eye contact with any one individual for too long B. Read from your notes during your opening to make sure you get it right C. Focus most of your eye contact on people in the first few rows D. Establish eye contact with the audience only after you have started your presentation
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Answer
Which of the following will help you establish effective eye contact with an audience?
A. Scan your audience without sustaining eye contact with any one individual for too long B. Read from your notes during your opening to make sure you get it right C. Focus most of your eye contact on people in the first few rows D. Establish eye contact with the audience only after you have started your presentation
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Nonverbal Delivery: Gestures

Should connect with message Appear natural Be varied Not be overdone Be appropriate to audience and occasion

Nonverbal Delivery: Movement

Should Be consistent with verbal content Move closer to your audience

Adapt to audiences cultural expectations

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Nonverbal Delivery: Posture

Avoid Slouching Shifting from foot to foot

Drooping your head

Sitting

Nonverbal Delivery: Facial Expressions

Paul Ekmans research reveals expressions are The first thing audience notices Virtually universal
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Vocal Delivery
Volume Softness or loudness of voice Pitch Inflection-variation in pitch Rate How fast you talk Articulation How you annunciate words

Appearance
Never wear anything distracting

Consider appropriate clothing for topic

Take cues from audience When in doubt, dress conservatively 11
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Types of Presentation Aids: DVDs, Videotapes and Streaming Video

Ensure equipment is available Twenty to thirty people need twenty-five foot screen

Have equipment ready before speech Use brief excerpts

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Guidelines for Preparing Presentation Aids

Adapt to your audience Be aware of your specific purpose Consider your skill and experience Understand room environment

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 Speaking to Inform

T-E-A-C-H
Tell
Describe what you want audience to know Show them an example Allow them time to apply skill Provide positive coaching Help learning by correcting mistakes

Example
Apply Coach

Help

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Relate to Your Listeners

Activity and movement Issues and events close to the audience Conflict Establish Motive for Audience to Listen
Ask question they can relate to Capture their attention with startling statistic or anecdote Motivate them to listen
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Paint Picture With Words

Describe what you see The first day of school.new shoe leather, crayons, freshly painted walls Onomatopoetic words: buzz, snort, hum, crackle, or hiss A rock as rough as sandpaper A pebble as smooth as a babys skin Sweet, fudgy nut brownies

Light, flaky, buttery pie crust

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Use Resources
DVDs Streaming videos Graphs Charts

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Use Humor
Use humor to make a point Make yourself the brunt of a joke Use cartoons

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Memorable Speeches Build in Redundancy

Tell them what youre going to tell them Tell them

Tell them what you told them

Adults need:
information they can use immediately to be actively involved in learning process connect experience with new information to understand relevance to their lives information relevant to their needs
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Memorable Speeches Reinforce Key Ideas Verbally

This is the most important point. Be sure to remember this point. This last tip is the most important.
Memorable Speeches Reinforce Key Ideas Nonverbally Gestures Pauses Movements Visuals
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Enhancing Credibility
Before You Speak
As You Speak After You Speak
Dress appropriately Summarize qualifications and accomplishments

Establish common ground with audience Support your arguments with evidence Present an organized message Prepare conclusion and deliver it well Maintain eye contact even after final sentence Answer closing questions
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HOW WE ENVY THE WORLD CUP June 2006 You may wonder what a Secretary-General of the United Nations is doing writing about football. But in fact, the World Cup makes us in the UN green with envy. As the pinnacle of the only truly global game, played in every country by every race and religion, it is one of the few phenomena as universal as the United Nations. You could even say it's more universal. FIFA has 207 members; we have only 191. But there are far better reasons to be envious. First, the World Cup is an event in which everybody knows where their team stands, and what it did to get there. They know who scored and how and in what minute of the game; they know who missed the open goal; they know who saved the penalty. I wish we had more of that sort of competition in the family of nations. Countries openly vying for the best standing in the table of respect for human rights, and trying to outdo one another in child survival rates or enrolment in secondary education. States parading their performance for the entire world to see. Governments being held accountable for what actions led them to that result. Second, the World Cup is an event which everybody on the planet loves talking about. Dissecting what their team did right, and what it could have done differently -- not to mention the other sides team. People sitting in cafs anywhere from Buenos Aires to Beijing, debating the finer points of games endlessly, revealing an intimate knowledge not only of their own national teams but of many of the others too, and expressing themselves on the subject with as much clarity as passion. Normally tongue-tied teenagers suddenly becoming eloquent, confident, and dazzlingly analytical experts. I wish we had more of that sort of conversation in the world at large. Citizens consumed by the topic of how their country could do better on the Human Development Index, or in reducing the number of 22 carbon emissions or new HIV infections.

 Third, the World Cup is an event which takes place on a level playing field, where every country has a chance to participate on equal terms. Only two commodities matter in this game: talent and team work. I wish we had more levelers like that in the global arena. Free and fair exchanges without the interference of subsidies, barriers or tariffs. Every country getting a real chance to field its strengths on the world stage.

Fourth, the World Cup is an event which illustrates the benefits of crosspollination between peoples and countries. More and more national teams now welcome coaches from other countries, who bring new ways of thinking and playing. The same goes for the increasing number of players who between World Cups represent clubs away from home. They inject new qualities into their new team, grow from the experience, and are able to contribute even more to their home side when they return. In the process, they often become heroes in their adopted countries -- helping to open hearts and broaden minds. I wish it were equally plain for all to see that human migration in general can create triple wins -- for migrants, for their countries of origin, and for the societies that receive them. That migrants not only build better lives for themselves and their families, but are also agents of development -- economic, social, and cultural -in the countries they go and work in, and in the homelands they inspire through new-won ideas and know-how when they return. 23

For any country, playing in the World Cup is a matter of profound national pride. For countries qualifying for the first time, such as my native Ghana, it is a badge of honor. For those who are doing so after years of adversity, such as Angola, it provides a sense of national renewal. And for those who are currently riven by conflict, like Cte dIvoire, but whose World Cup team is a unique and powerful symbol of national unity, it inspires nothing less than the hope of national rebirth. Which brings me to what is perhaps most enviable of all for us in the United Nations: the World Cup is an event in which we actually see goals being reached. I'm not talking only about the goals a country scores; I also mean the most important goal of all -- being there, part of the family of nations and peoples, celebrating our common humanity. I'll try to remember that when Ghana plays Italy in Hanover on 12 June. Of course, I can't promise I'll succeed. Kofi Annan

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