Engr. Alma Christine C.

Danzalan

The science of sound

Sound is the sensation produced by the ear when stimulated by a vibrating object through a sequence of compressions and rarefactions in the air surrounding it.

 PITCH

TIMBRE

Highness or lowness of tone

The quality of sound related to its harmonic structure Pure tone
A sound composed of only one frequency in which the sound pressure varies sinusoidally with time

Musical sound (tone)

Composed of the fundamental frequency and integral multiples of fundamental frequency ( harmonics).

o LOUDNESS - strength of a sound and is

Phon = 40 + 10log2(sone)

associated with the rate at which energy is transmitted to the ear.

DURATION

The quality that is simplier to relate to a measurable quantity

INTERVALS

The ratio between the frequency of two sounds

 Given

the following data: SIL(dB) Loudness(sone) Loudness(phon) 60 3.2 55 60 5.4 62 60 5.9 63 60 4.7 60 Compute for a. Total loudness (L) b. Total loudness Level (L) Answer: 19.2 sones; 82.63 phons

NOISE
Irregular vibration

MUSIC
Regular in vibration

General Subdivision Infrasonic -- below 20 Hz Sonic -- 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz Ultrasonic above 20,000 Hz Supersonic

1. 2. 3. 4.

When there is no obstruction on its path

Reflection Absorption Onward transmission

It may also die down due to losses as it propagates through the medium

HARMONICS
NTH harmonic = n x ff

OVERTONE
Nth overtone = (n+1) x ff

OCTAVE
Nth octave = 2n x f

DECADE
Nth decade = 10n x ff

The decibel notation system

dB always describes a ratio of two quantities

Sound travels at different speeds depending on what it is traveling through.

Material Steel Aluminum Brick Hardwood Glass Copper Brass Concrete Water Lead Cork Air Rubber

Speed of Sound (m/s) 6100 4877 4176 3962 3962 3901 3475 3231 1433 1158 366 343 150

In normal dry air: S = 331.45 + 0.607 Tc for Tc 20 C

S=

for Tc 20 C