ISDR Inter-Standard Data Roaming Technical Architecture Options

Lokdeep Singh lsingh@worldcell.com June, 2006

Agenda

ISDR requirements GPRS Roaming Overview Implementation options for ISDR Worldcell Introduction Q&A

Inter-standard Data roaming requirements

VHE Virtual Home environment Seamless experience to the user and CDMA operator

Integrated device for voice and data both on CDMA and GSM Present GPRS network as an integrated single V-PDSN

Support for MIP,SIP architecture Billing and clearing using AAA Use exiting CRX connectivity Integrated Signaling GW for IS voice and Data

GSM MAP to ANSI MAP Voice/SMS GSM MAP to AAA Data and SMS

GPRS Data Roaming Architecture

SCCP HL R MS C VL R GRX GGS N BG BG S GS N MS

Private PDN

GW

Internet

GGS N GW

Private PDN Home Network Visited Network

GPRS Support Nodes : SGSN and GGSN SGSN: Mobility Management, Security Functions, Access Control, sets up Data Sessions etc. GGSN : interface to external PDN (Packet Data Networks). PDP (Packet Data Protocol) Context defines the logical association between a MS (Mobile Station) and PDN (Public Data Network) that is set up via a GPRS network. The PDP Context defines aspects such as the Packet Protocol used, APN (Access Point Name), QoS, Access Level, etc. GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) Tunnel is set up between SGSN and GGSN for PDP Context. User data is transferred transparently between the MS and the external PDN with encapsulation and tunneling: data packets are equipped with GPRS-specific protocol information and transferred between the MS and GGSN. GRX- Similar to CRX in functionality. Packet Data transferred between Home Network and Roaming Partner Network is transferred via GRX (GPRS Roaming Exchange).

GRPS Data Roaming Scenarios

GGS N Internet GW GTP

S GS N

MS

Visited Network

MS connects via VSGSN and VGGSN Subscriber is roaming and registers using SGSN in roaming partner network. The SGSN determines via DNS query (using APN) that the PDP context will be set up via GGSN on the same network. GTP tunnel is set up between VSGSN and VGGSN on local GPRS IP backbone. Typical setup when Local Internet Access is provided by the roaming partner to roaming subscribers.

GRX GGS N BG GTP BG S GS N MS

GW Home Network

Internet Visited Network

MS connects via VSGSN and HGGSN Subscriber is roaming and registers using SGSN in roaming partner network. The SGSN determines via DNS query (using APN) that the PDP context will be set up via GGSN on the subscribers home network. The DNS query procedure may involve usage of root DNS (master GPRS DNS accessible via GRX), or DNS on the home network. GTP tunnel is set up between VSGSN and HGGSN via GRX network(s). Typical setup when roaming subscribers access Data Services provided by the Home Network (e.g. MMS, WAP, Intranet, etc).

APN (Access Point Name)

APNs are used to identify Access Points (AP) to PDNs. The APN consists of both:

Network ID reference to the Access Point within GPRS PLMN (fully qualified domain name)

E.g. gprs.worldcell.com

Operator ID points to a GPRS PLMN

Complete APN has the following format: <network id>.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.gprs

E.g. gprs.worldcell.com.mnc004.mcc274.gprs

APNs are resolved by DNS to GGSN IP address. They are used to create logical connection between MS and PDN, with GTP tunnel between SGSN and GGSN. The GPRS DNS system is private network and does not have any interaction with the Internets DNS system. The APN is constructed by SGSN during PDP Context Activation procedure, it can be obtained from a number of sources:

From the MS, APN is entered by the subscriber (or stored in phone memory); the HLR as part of the subscriber profile; or default SGSN data.

GPRS Data Roaming

Signaling voice Signaling- Data Signaling -Tunnel

Differences in CDMA Packet Data and GPRS

Function Basic Internet Access Visited PDSN and PCF CDMA GPRS Visited GGSN and SGSN

Corporate Private Access

Visited PCF and PDSN - Tunnel End point is HA

Home GGSN- Visited SGSN Tunnel End Point in corporate network

Network Selection

MS Selects network with NAI user@realm

MS selects network with APN

IP assignment

IP assignment by HA

IP assignment by AAA/DHCP/L2TP Server

L2 Routing

GRE Tunnels BSC-PCF and PCF-PDSN

GTP tunnels GGSN_SGSN and RNC-SGSN

Billing

PDSN consolidates and sends to AAA server -RADIUS

SGSN-GGSN send to CGF

Authentication

Often without SIM/RUIM

With SIM/USIM

ISDR challenges and Issues

Multi-Mode combined voice/data devices Lack of MIP support on most GPRS networks Different Protocols for data roaming GSM MAP for data session authentication. Radius for CDMA data session authentication Billing is TAP based in GPRS, RADIUS based in CDMA GTP tunnel in GPRS, GRE in CDMA for achieving MIP Limited LNS resources in CDMA PDSN Complex APN-NAI mapping Multiple NAIs in CDMA to support multiple rate plans, multiple network properties GPRS carriers do not have SID/NID/Cell ID for used in BSID attribute

ISDR Framework
Network Authentication Plane

Data Authentication and Bearer Traffic Plane

Support for MIP and SIP. Device independent MIP/SIP selection based on APN and MIP proxy Additional GRX connectivity not mandatory Map to Radius (AAA) authentication supported IIF acts as a GSM HLR/HGGSN for the GSM Roaming network IIF acts as a ANSI VLR/FA/V-PDSN/LCA for CDMA Carrier Support for MIP Proxy when MIP not available on MS

ISDR Architecture Options

1.

MIP Always- MIP tunnel back to HA irrespective device/GPRS NW MIP support

MIP reverse tunnel back to HA in all cases

2.

SIP with internet Offload at H-GGSN

SIP session with public internet access using GGSN of GSM(Sponsor) NW

3.

End to End GTP

Extend GTP back to CDMA PDSN.

4.

SIP with L2TP- LNS Proxy

Option 1>MIP Always- MIP proxy

MIP proxy functions as FA and MN

The GTP tunnel shown is actually between SGSN and GGSN IIF is responsible for the MAP-RADIUS conversion and APN and NAI mapping
Worldcell ,Inc. Proprietary and Confidential

MIP Always-MIP Proxy Call Flow

Option 2 >SIP with Internet Access Only

Option3>SIP with GGSN in CDMA PDSN

The GGSN@CDMA needs to have GTT from GSM network

The GRX connection from (Sponsor) GSM network can be used

Option 4> SIP with L2TP and LNS proxy

IIF can act as LCA and as well LNS proxy in cases where home CDMA PDSN does not support L2TP or has IP related LNS limitation

About WorldCell
Global provider of communication services Company now providing Managed Wireless Services Business on leading networks across Europe and Asia US Government (DoD, DoS) Licensed GSM operator in Iceland
Viking Wireless

roaming agreements with over 245 networks

WorldCell RSB provides Roaming Services to major wireless operators, supporting multiple technologies including GSM, CDMA, WiFi HQ in US; Offices in Germany, Iceland and Brazil

Back Up Slides

End to End MIP GPRSCDMA call flow

CDMA to CDMA Packet data roaming Mobile IP Call Flows