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Human Regulation

The Nervous System


And
The Endocrine System
Similarities and Differences
Similarities Differences
 Secrete chemical  Nervous is more rapid
messengers then endocrine
 Play major role in  Nervous is shorter in
Homoeostasis duration then endocrine
response
The Nervous System
 Stimulus: anything that creates an impulse
 Impulse: electro chemical change generated
along a neuron
 Receptor: structures specialized to detect
certain stimuli
 Effectors: organs of response
The Neuron
 Also known as a Nerve Cell
The Neuron
 Dendrites: receive information from another
neuron
 Myelin Sheath: insulates the axon to keep the
electric charge in. Each bump is a Scwann
Cell.
 Bouton has terminal branches which transfer
electrical message to another neuron.
Neuron Communication
 Synapse: gap between neurons
 Neurotransmitters: aid in transmission across
synapse
 Ex: acetylcholine
Sensory Neurons
 Impulse from receptors to central nervous system
(CNS is brain and spinal chord)
Interneuron's
 Located in Central Nervous System
 Interpret and relay nerve impulses between sensory
and motor neurons
Motor Neurons
 Central Nervous System to effectors
Nerves
 Bundles of neurons or
parts of neurons
specialized for long
distance and high speed
transmission
Central Nervous System
 Consists of the brain and spinal chord
The Brain
 A large mass of
neurons

(well, not in Homers


case!)
Parts of the Brain
 Cerebrum
 Center for voluntary
activity
 Responsible for Habits:
acquired through
repetition, which is an
example of a
conditioned behavior
 Establishes rapid
autonomic response
Cerebellum
 Responsible for motor
activities
 Helps maintain balance
Medulla
 Located in the middle
base of the brain
 Controls involuntary
activities such as
breathing, heart beat,
blood pressure, and
peristalsis
Spinal Cord
 Inside of vertebrae of
spinal column
 Continuous with the
medulla
 Controls reflex
response
Reflex Actions
 Inborn involuntary patterns of behavior
 Reflex arc:
Receptorsensory neuroninterneuron(spinal
chord)motor neuroneffector
Peripheral Nervous System
 Nerves extending through out the body
Peripheral Nervous System
 Somatic Nervous System:
 Controls voluntary muscles of skeleton
 Autonomic Nervous System
 Nerves that control cardiac muscle, glands, and
smooth muscle (involuntary)
Malfunctions
 Cerebral Palsy: congenital (born with) disease
characterized by disturbance of motor function
 Meningitis: inflammation of the membranes
surrounding the brain and spinal chord
 Stroke: caused by a cerebral hemorrhage (burst
blood vessel) or a blood clot and may result in brain
damage
 Polio: viral disease of CNS which may result in
paralysis. Preventable by immunization

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