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Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues
SUN
absorbed by gases resulting from industrialization (CO2, CFCs, methane, nitrous oxide, ground level ozone) absorbed by natural gases in atmosphere (water vapour, CO2, nitrous oxide, ground level ozone)
EARTH
ATMOSPHERE
GLOBAL WARMING
CFCS
Methane NO2
: 3000 7000
: 10 : 100
Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues
Acid Rain
Environmental Issues UV UV
Mesosphere
{
UV Radiation Ozone layer (10-50km)
Bromine
Troposphere
Halons
Stratosphere
EARTH
OZONE DEPLETION
Halons
1,1,1 TCE CCl4 HCFCS
: 3 10
: 0.1 : 1.1 : 0.06 0.1
Environmental Issues
Photochemical Smog
Combination of: O3 , Nox, Hydrogen peroxides, Organic peroxides,
Peroxyethanoyl (pan),
Pb2n etc., Produced photochemically
Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues
World Initiatives
1972: UN conference on human environment in Stockholm, Sweden 1980s: World commission on environment and development Objective? Take a look at environment, and Make an assessment for its development
Development At ISO
1991: Formation of strategic advisory group, 1993: Creation of TC207, 1996: Introduction of ISO14001: A major step In continuing development of Environmental solutions
Actions In India
1974: The water (Prevention & control of pollution) act 1981: Formation of CPCB & SPCBs
Only benefit
Avoidance of legal sanctions imposed by environmental regulations
Environment
Surroundings in which an organization operates, including: Air Water Land Natural resources Flora
Fauna
Humans, and their interrelation
Environmental Aspect
Element of an organizations: Activities, Products or Services That can interact with the environment Note: a Significant Environmental Aspect (SEA) has or can have a Significant Environmental Impact (SEI). E.G.: Emission of CFCs
Environmental Impact
Any change to the environment, whether: Adverse or Beneficial, Wholly or partially resulting from an organizations environmental aspects. e.g.: Ozone depletion
Environmental Aspects
Environmental Impacts
IMPACTS ON
Life Air Water Land Flora/Fauna
Pollution
Pollution is - contamination of the environment by man-made
Immediate Issues
Water pollution Air pollution Noise pollution Land pollution Solid waste (Municipal & Industrial)
Resource depletion
Water Pollution
River contamination due to industrial waste & soil erosion Lake, reservoir & estuary contamination due to large discharges of municipal & Industrial waste Ocean contamination due to oil spills etc. Ground water contamination land fills containing high chemical concentrations etc.
Air Pollution
Dust, smoke etc. causes lung diseases Gases like SOx, NOx, CO cause respiratory ailments Acid fumes. cause respiratory ailments Hydrocarbons. cause lung cancer Fluorides & heavy metal fumes cause anaemia
Noise Pollution
Land Pollution
Chemical / direct.Spillages of acids, dioxins & fall outs of heavy metals Chemical / indirect.Highly toxic but low in volume solids / liquids seep into the soil, through rain/ water Chemical / indirect use of inorganic fertilizers in agriculture
Solid Waste
Garbage, refuse & sludge.. From waste treatment plants Industrial / mining waste..From discards Household waste Domestic garbage
Resource Depletion
Irresponsible use of potable water Irresponsible use of energy fuel, electrical etc. Deforestation due to demand for wood Ozone layer depletion
Prevention Of Pollution
Use of processes, practices, techniques, materials, products,
services or energy
the
Reclamation
Treatment
ACT
PLAN
CHECK
DO
EMS Requirements
4.1 General requirements
Establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve
EMS Requirements
4.2 Environmental Policy
Consider nature, scale and environmental impacts of activities, products and services
EMS Requirements
4.2 Environmental policy (continued)
Provide framework for setting & reviewing objectives & targets
Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental aspects 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements 4.3.3 Objectives, Targets and Programme(s)
Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects
Establish, implement and maintain procedures
Identification of environmental aspects Existing / new / modified activities, products and services
Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.1 Environmental Aspects (Continued)
Determine significant environmental aspects (SEA) considering:
Quantity, occurrence, impact, legislation, controls, preventive mechanism etc.
Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.2 Legal And Other Requirements
Establish, implement and maintain procedures
Identification & access to applicable legal and other requirements Determination of application
Legal Requirements
EMS
The water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974 / 1988
Legal Requirements
EMS (Continued)
The Environment (Protection) act, 1986 / 1991
Legal Requirements
EMS (Continued)
Manufacture, use, import, export and storage of hazardous
Legal Requirements
EMS (Continued)
Recycled plastics manufacture and usage rules 1999 / 2003 Municipal solid wastes (management & handling) rules, 2000 Ozone depleting substances (Regulation) rules, 2000
Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets And Programme(s)
Establish, implement and maintain documented environmental
objectives and targets At relevant functions and levels within organization
Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets And Programme(s) (Continued)
Consider applicable legal & other requirements and sea while establishing and reviewing Consider technological options Consider financial, operational and business requirements Consider views of interested parties
Plan
4.3 Planning
4.3.3 Objectives, Targets And Programme(s) (Continued)
Establish, implement and maintain a programme to achieve objectives and targets Programme to include: Designation of responsibility The means The time frame
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility and authority
4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness 4.4.3 Communication
4.4.4 Documentation
4.4.5 Control of documents 4.4.6 Operational control 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility And Authority
Availability of resources for establishing, implementing, maintaining
and improving the EMS Include
Human resources
Specialized skills Organizational infrastructure
Technology
Financial resources
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.1 Resources, Roles, Responsibility And Authority (Continued)
Define, document and communicate: roles, responsibility and authority Appoint management representative, define role, responsibilities and authority for Ensuring EMS is established, implemented and maintained as per ISO 14001:2004 Reporting to top management on the performance of the EMS for review (including recommendations for improvement)
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.2 Competence, Training And Awareness
Persons performing tasks for or on behalf of organization having potential to cause SEI Competency on the basis of: Education Training Experience
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.2 Competence, Training And Awareness (Continued)
Establish, implement and maintain a procedure to make persons aware of: The importance of conformity with policy, procedures & EMS requirements The SEA and SEI associated with work Environmental benefits of improved personal performance Roles & responsibilities in achieving conformity Potential consequences of departure from specified procedures
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.3 Communication
With regards to environmental aspects and EMS, establish, implement and maintain a procedure for: Internal communication Receiving, documenting and responding to relevant communication from external interested parties Document decision whether to communicate externally on SEA If yes, establish and implement methods for external communication
Interested Parties
Management Suppliers and contractors Customers Local community
Pressure groups
Financers banks, share holders Insurers
Regulators
Media Society at large
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.4 Documentation
EMS documentation to include: Environmental policy, objectives and targets Description of scope of EMS
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.5 Control Of Documents
Refer to 4.5.4 for control of records
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.6 Operational Control
Identify & plan operations associated with SEAs Carry out operations under specified conditions Establish, implement and maintain procedures where absence could lead deviation from policy, objectives and targets Stipulate operating criteria in the procedures Establish, implement and maintain procedures related to identified SEAs of goods and services used Communicate applicable procedures and requirements to suppliers, including contractors
Do
4.4 Implementation And Operation
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness And Response
Establish, implement and maintain a procedure to identify potential environmental emergency situations and potential environmental accidents; response to such events
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement
4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance 4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action 4.5.4 Control of records 4.5.5 Internal audit
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.1 Monitoring And Measurement
Establish, implement and maintain a procedure
Regular monitoring and measurement of key characteristics of operations having SEAs
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.2 Evaluation Of Compliance
Establish, implement and maintain independent or combined procedures Periodic evaluation of compliance with applicable legal and other requirements Keeping records of results of periodic evaluations
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.3 Nonconformity, Corrective Action And Preventive Action
Establish, implement and maintain procedures Identify & correct NCs Mitigate environmental impact
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.3 Nonconformity, Corrective Action And Preventive Action (Continued)
Investigate root cause(s), take appropriate corrective actions (CA) Evaluate need for preventive actions (PA) & implement appropriate actions Record results of CA / PA Review effectiveness of CA / PA
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.4 Control Of Records
Establish & maintain records
Demonstrate conformity to requirements of EMS & ISO 14001:2004 Demonstrate results achieved
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.4 Control Of Records (Continued)
Establish, implement & maintain a procedure for:
Identification Storage Protection Retrieval Retention Disposal Legibility, identifiability, traceability
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.5 Internal Audit
Conduct EMS audits at planned intervals
To determine whether EMS Conforms to planned EMS including ISO 14001:2000 Has been properly implemented and is maintained To provide information on the results of audits to management
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.5 Internal Audit (Continued)
Plan, establish, implement and maintain audit programme
Consider: Environmental importance of operations and Results of previous audits Ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit process while: Selecting auditors: Conducting audits
Check
4.5 Checking
4.5.5 Internal Audit (Continued)
Establish, implement and maintain audit procedure to address:
Responsibilities and requirements for: Planning and conducting audits Reporting results Retaining associated records Audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods
Act
4.6 Management Review
Top management to review EMS at planned intervals Ensure continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness Assess:
Act
4.6 Management Review (Continued)
Inputs to management review: Results of internal audits Results of evaluations of compliance with legal and other requirements Communications from external interested parties, including complaints Environmental performance of organization Achievement of objectives and targets
Act
4.6 Management Review (Continued)
Inputs to management review (continued):
Status of corrective and preventive actions Follow up actions from previous management reviews Changing circumstances, including developments in legal and other requirements related to environmental aspects Recommendations for improvement
Act
4.6 Management Review (Continued)
Outputs from management review to include any decisions and
actions related to possible changes to: Environmental policy, objectives and targets