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4/14/2014
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Introduction
Welcome! This interactive lesson will introduce three ways of predicting the behavior of gases: Boyles Law, Charles Law, and the Ideal Gas Law. Never heard of them? Dont worry thats the purpose of this lesson!
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Navigation
Throughout this lesson, you will use buttons at the bottom right corner of the page to navigate.
Takes you to the next page
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Main Menu
Lesson 1
Basic Terminology
Lesson 3
Charles Law
Lesson 2
Boyles Law
Lesson 4
Review
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Opening thoughts
Have you ever:
Seen a hot air balloon?
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Opening thoughts
Have you ever:
Seen a hot air balloon? Had a soda bottle spray all over you? Baked (or eaten) a nice, fluffy cake? These are all examples of gases at work!
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Properties of Gases
You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties:
Pressure
Volume
Amount (moles) Temperature
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You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties:
Pressure
Volume
Amount (moles) Temperature
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Pressure
Pressure is defined as the force the gas exerts on a given area of the container in which it is contained. The SI unit for pressure is the Pascal, Pa.
If youve ever inflated a tire, youve probably made a pressure measurement in pounds (force) per square inch (area).
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You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties:
Pressure
Volume
Amount (moles) Temperature
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Volume
Volume is the three-dimensional space inside the container holding the gas. The SI unit for volume is the cubic meter, m3. A more common and convenient unit is the liter, l.
Think of a 2-liter bottle of soda to get an idea of how big a liter is. (OK, how big two of them are)
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You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties:
Pressure
Volume
Amount (moles)
Temperature
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Amount (moles)
Amount of substance is tricky. As weve already learned, the SI unit for amount of substance is the mole, mol. Since we cant count molecules, we can convert measured mass (in kg) to the number of moles, n, using the molecular or formula weight of the gas.
By definition, one mole of a substance contains approximately 6.022 x 1023 particles of the substance. You can understand why we use mass and moles!
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You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties:
Pressure
Volume
Amount (moles)
Temperature
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Temperature
Temperature is the measurement with which youre probably most familiar (and the most complex to describe completely). For these lessons, we will be using temperature measurements in Kelvin, K.
The Kelvin scale starts at Absolute 0, which is -273.15C. To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15.
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Lets go!
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Boyles Law
This law is named for Charles Boyle, who studied the relationship between pressure, p, and volume, V, in the mid-1600s. Boyle determined that for the same amount of a gas at constant temperature, p * V = constant This defines an inverse relationship: when one goes up, the other comes down.
pressure
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volume
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Boyles Law
This law is named for Charles Boyle, who studied the relationship between pressure, p, and volume, V, in the mid-1600s. He determined that for the same amount of a gas at constant temperature, p * V = constant This defines an inverse relationship: when one goes up, the other comes down.
pressure
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volume
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Doubling the pressure reduces the volume by half. Conversely, when the volume doubles, the pressure decreases by half.
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Boyles Law can be used to predict the interaction of pressure and volume. If you know the initial pressure and volume, and have a target value for one of those variables, you can predict what the other will be for the same amount of gas under constant temperature. Lets try it!
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Pressure * Volume = Constant p1 * V1 = p2 * V2 With constant temperature and amount of gas, you can use these relationships to predict changes in pressure and volume.
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Lesson 2 Complete!
This concludes Lesson 2 on Boyles Law!
Click the Main Menu button below, then select Lesson 3 to learn about how temperature fits in.
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Charles Law
This law is named for Jacques Charles, who studied the relationship volume, V, and temperature, T, around the turn of the 19th century. He determined that for the same amount of a gas at constant pressure, V / T = constant This defines a direct relationship: an increase in one results in an increase in the other.
temperature volume
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As the temperature increases, the volume increases. Conversely, when the temperature decreases, volume decreases.
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Charles Law can be used to predict the interaction of temperature and volume. If you know the initial temperature and volume, and have a target value for one of those variables, you can predict what the other will be for the same amount of gas under constant pressure. Lets try it!
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Volume / Temperature = Constant V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 With constant pressure and amount of gas, you can use these relationships to predict changes in temperature and volume.
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Lesson 3 Complete!
This concludes Lesson 3 on Charles Law!
Click the Main Menu button below, then select Lesson 4 to put all the pieces together with the Ideal Gas Law.
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P*V = n*R*T
P = pressure V = volume n = number of moles R = universal gas constant (well get to that in a minute) T = temperature
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P*V = n*R*T
This is one of the few equations in chemistry that you should commit to memory! By remembering this single equation, you can predict how any two variables will behave when the others are held constant.
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Gas Constant
The Ideal Gas Law as presented includes use of the Universal Gas Constant. The value of the constant depends on the units used to define the other variables. For the purposes of this lesson, we will use the equation only to predict gas behavior qualitatively. Specific calculations and units will be part of our classroom work.
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After using Boyles and Charles law for predicting gas behavior, use of the Ideal Gas Law should be relatively straightforward.
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P*V = n*R*T
This single equation can be used to predict how any two variables will behave when the others are held constant.
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Lesson 4 Complete!
This concludes Lesson 4 on the Ideal Gas Law!
Click the Main Menu button below, then select Review to try some questions based on these lessons.
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Review
This review contains multiple choice questions on the material covered by Lessons 1 4. Select an answer by clicking the corresponding letter.
If you choose an incorrect answer, you will be given feedback and a chance to try again. If you want to return to a lesson to review the material, click on the Main Menu button, then select the lesson. When youre ready to complete the review again, go back to the Main Menu and click the Review button.
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Question 1
Based on Boyles Law (p * V = constant) or the Ideal Gas Law (p*V=n*R*T), when the number of moles (n) and temperature (T) are held constant, pressure and volume are: a. Inversely proportional: if one goes up, the other comes down. b. Directly proportional: if one goes up, the other goes up. c. Not related
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Question 1 is Correct!
Based on Boyles Law (p * V = constant) or the Ideal Gas Law (p*V=n*R*T), when the number of moles (n) and temperature (T) are held constant, pressure and volume are: a. Inversely proportional: if one goes up, the other comes down.
Decreasing volume increases pressure. Increasing volume decreases pressure.
volume
pressure
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Question 2
Based on Charles Law (V / T = constant) or the Ideal Gas Law (p*V=n*R*T), when the number of moles (n) and pressure (p) are held constant, volume and temperature are: a. Inversely proportional: if one goes up, the other comes down. b. Directly proportional: if one goes up, the other goes up. c. Not related
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Question 2 is Correct!
Based on Charles Law (V / T = constant) or the Ideal Gas Law (p*V=n*R*T), when the number of moles (n) and pressure (p) are held constant, volume and temperature are: b. Directly proportional: if one goes up, the other goes up.
temperature
volume
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Question 3
Lets put the Ideal Gas Law (p*V=n*R*T) to some practical use. To inflate a tire of fixed volume, what is the most effective way to increase the pressure in the tire? a. Increase the force pressing on the outside of the tire. b. Increase the temperature of the gas (air) in the tire. c. Increase the amount (number of moles) of gas in the tire.
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Question 3 is Correct!
Lets put the Ideal Gas Law (p*V=n*R*T) to some practical use. To inflate a tire of fixed volume, what is the most effective way to increase the pressure in the tire? a. Increase the force pressing on the outside of the tire. b. Increase the temperature of the gas (air) in the tire. c. Increase the amount (number of moles) of gas in the tire.
When you inflate a tire with a pump, you are adding air, or increasing the amount of air in the tire. This will often result in a slight increase in temperature because a tire is not a controlled environment. Such deviations and quirks will be discussed in class!
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Mission complete!
You have completed the lessons and review. Congratulations! You should now have a better understanding of the properties of gases, how they interrelate, and how to use them to predict gas behavior. Please click on the button below to reset the lesson for the next student. Thanks!
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