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ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE PILES SUBJECTED

TO STATIC LATERAL LOADS (FREE


HEADED CASE)
UNDER THE GUIDNACE OF:
N. VASUDEVANAIDU (M.Tech)
PROJECT MEMBERS:
S. SUDHA (09F61A0136)
E. BHARGAVI ( 09F61A0106)
P. LAKSHMAIAH (09F61A0117)
M. BALAJI (09F61A0103)

1.

ABSTRACT

2.

SCOPE OF THE WORK

3.

TYPES OF NUMERICAL METHODS

4.

DESIGN PARAMETERS

5.

DEFLECTION VALUES OF THE PILE

6.

MOMENT VALUES OF THE PILE

7.

SHEAR VALUES OF THE PILE

8.

SOIL REACTION VALUES OF THE PILE

9.

GRAPHS

10.

REFERENCES

The abstract of the project includes analysis of flexible piles

subjected to static lateral loads using numerical methods.

Deep foundations are used when the soil is very weak below the
ground surface.

A pile subjected to lateral loading is one of the class of problems


that involve interaction of soil and structures.

The main purpose of implementing pile is to carry vertical loads

when the soil is weak.

When the pile is subjected to lateral loading a


solution cannot be obtained without accounting for

the deformation of both pile and soil.

The deflection of the pile and the lateral resistance


of soil are interdependent.

Therefore iterative techniques are almost necessary


to achieve a solution for particular case of loading
on the pile.

The present scope of the work is to calculate the structural

parameters like slope, deflection, moment, shear and soil


reaction.

In this project we are using a numerical method called finite


difference method.

This method is used to calculate stresses and strains,

deflections and moments at each and every point.

Numerical methods are classified into five categories.


1.

Finite element method

2.

Finite difference method

3.

Boundary element method

4.

Discrete element method

5.

Fast lagrangian analysis of continum

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Finite element analysis was developed as a

numerical method of stress analysis.

This method is coined by clough in 1960.


FEM is used to determine structural parameters
in irregular shapes.

This method is also used in stress analysis, fluid


flow and heat transfer.

FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD

Finite difference method is a method which is used to

calculate stresses and strains, deflections and moments at


each and every point.

This is used for regular shapes.

In the finite difference method at each of the pivotal


points at the intervals an equations expressing the
differential equations by the finite difference can be
established

Deflection= y
Slope= dy/dx
Moment= EI d2y/dx2
Shear = EI d3y/dx3
Soil reaction = EI d4y/dx4

After calculating the design parameters the values are


compared with Cprogram using matrix inversion
method and also manually by using MS excel.

The derivatives can be expressed in terms of


deflection

dy/dx= yi-1-yi+1/2h

EI d2y/dx2= yi-1-2yi+yi+1/h2

EI d3y/dx3= yi-2-2yi-1+2yi+1-yi+2/2h3

EI d4y/dx4= yi-2-4yi-1+6yi-4yi+1+yi+2/h4
Where
h= pile interval = total length/number
of parts
i= nodal points

The table shows the flexural rigidity, soil modulus and


relative stiffness of pile material
S.NO

PILE MATERIAL FLEXTURAL


RIGIDITY
(EPIP) N-MM2

SOIL
MODULUS
(K) MPA

RELATIVE
STIFFNESS
(KR)

PVC

3.990*107

0.34

1.789*10-4

ALUMINUM

1.136*109

0.34

5.093*10-3

The table shows the values of deflection for particular depth for
aluminum
S.NO

DEPTH
(M)

FOR
LOAD
57.01 N

DEFLECTION (Y)
M
FOR
FOR
FOR
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
129.3 N
191.08 N
269.75 N

FOR
LOAD
401.27 N

-0.0046053

-0.0101169

-0.0149503

-0.0218474

-0.0314021

0.25

0.00125686

0.002734701

0.004041202

0.005849943

0.008487878

0.5

0.003590421

0.008143352

0.01203415

0.01750139

0.02527634

0.75

0.000711947

0.001614798

0.00238627

0.003465682

0.005012049

-0.00531426

-0.0118260

-0.0174768

-0.0254393

-0.0367082

The table shows the values of deflection for particular


depth for pvc
S.NO

DEPTH
(M)

FOR
LOAD
57.01 N

DEFLECTION (Y)
M
FOR
FOR
FOR
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
129.3 N
191.08 N 269.75 N

FOR
LOAD
401.27 N

0.00122795

0.002782756

0.00411567

0.005810109

0.008642962

0.25

0.000017364

0.000039569

0.000058083

0.000081995

0.000121948

0.5

0.000043164

0.000097785

0.000145291

0.000205531

0.000305747

0.75

-0.00000534

-0.0000121

-0.00001937

-0.00002734

-0.00004067

-0.00000208

-0.0000047

0.000011783

0.000016635

0.000024746

The table shows the values of moment for


particular depth for aluminum
S.NO

DEPTH
(M)

FOR
LOAD
57.01 N

MOMENT (M)
N-M
FOR
FOR
FOR
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
129.3 N
191.08 N 269.75 N

FOR
LOAD
401.27 N

-1.99535

-4.5255

-6.6878

-9.44125

-14.04445

0.25

-59.6442

-135.279

-199.909

-290.650

-419.893

0.5

-95.6640

-216.978

-320.639

-466.889

-673.471

0.75

-55.3955

-125.633

-185.671

-270.364

-389.983

The table shows the values of moment for particular


depth for pvc
S.NO

DEPTH
(M)

FOR
LOAD
57.01 N

MOMENT (M)
N-M
FOR
FOR
FOR
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
129.3 N 191.08 N 269.75 N

FOR
LOAD
401.27 N

1.99535

4.5255

6.6878

9.44125

14.044

0.25

0.78929

1.78841

2.64623

3.73569

5.5571526

0.5

-0.0474356

-0.107315

-0.161176

-0.22753

-0.338489

0.75

0.0330461

0.074875

0.125199

0.176738

0.262914

The table shows the values of shear for


particular depth for aluminum
S.NO

DEPTH
(M)

FOR
LOAD
57.01 N

FOR
LOAD
129.3 N

SHEAR (V)
N
FOR
LOAD
191.08 N

FOR
LOAD
269.75 N

FOR
LOAD
401.27 N

57.01

129.3

191.08

269.75

401.27

0.25

219.828

443.006

654.653

949.552

1375.005

0.5

-8.4972

-19.292

-28.4768

-42.772

-59.8193

0.75

-191.328

-433.9558

-641.279

-933.779

-1346.9416

The table shows the values of shear for particular depth


for pvc
S.NO

DEPTH
(M)

SHEAR (V)
N
FOR
LOAD
57.01 N

FOR
LOAD
129.3 N

FOR
LOAD
191.08 N

FOR
LOAD
269.75 N

FOR
LOAD
401.27 N

57.01

129.3

191.08

269.75

401.27

0.25

4.0848

9.2645

13.698

19.33765

28.765

0.5

1.51252

3.42708

5.0420

7.117909

10.58848

0.75

-0.09487

-0.21463

-0.32235

-0.45506

-0.67679

The table shows the values of soil reaction for particular


depth for aluminum
S.NO

DEPTH
(M)

SOIL REACTION (V)


N/M
FOR
LOAD
57.01 N

FOR
LOAD
129.3 N

FOR
LOAD
191.08 N

FOR
LOAD
269.75 N

FOR
LOAD
401.27 N

-1516.4

-3439.38

-5082.56

-7427.32

-10675.57

0.25

-409.89

929.702

1373.86

1988.756

2885.56

0.5

1220.61

768.689

4091.173

5949.845

8593.04

0.75

242.033

548.62

811.246

1178.2099

1703.938

-1772.65

-4020.26

-5941.48

-8648.44

-12479.47

The table shows the values of soil reaction for particular


depth for pvc

S.NO

DEPTH
(M)

FOR
LOAD
57.01 N

SOIL REACTION (V)


N/M
FOR
FOR
FOR
LOAD
LOAD
LOAD
129.3 N
191.08 N 269.75 N

FOR
LOAD
401.27 N

417.311

945.72

1398.7106

1974.5660

2937.3111

0.25

5.9006

13.445

19.739

27.8660

41.4440

0.5

14.669

33.232

49.479

69.8497

103.90796

0.75

-1.81566

-4.11127

-6.58235

-9.292111

-13.8231

1.05702

2.39496

4.00465

4.973822

8.40963

The graph is drawn between depth vs deflection for


aluminum
DEFLECTION VS DEPTH
-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0.01

0.02

0.03

0
57.01N

DEPTH (M)

0.2

129.3N

0.4

191.08N

0.6

269.75N

0.8
1
1.2
DEFLCTION (M)

401.27N

The graph is drawn between depth vs deflection for pvc


material
DEFLECTION VS DEPTH

-0.002

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0
57.01N

0.2

129.3N
DEPTH (M)

0.4

191.08N
269.75N

0.6

401.27N
0.8

1
1.2
DEFLECTION (M)

The graph is drawn between depth and moment


for aluminum
MOMENT VS DEPTH
0
0.2
57.01N
DEPTH M

0.4

129.3 N

0.6

191.08 N
269.75 N

0.8

401.27 N
1
1.2
0

200

400

600

MOMENT N-M

800

The graph is drawn between depth and moment for


pvc material
MOMENT VS DEPTH
0

0.2
57.01 N

DEPTH M

0.4

129.3 N
191.08 N

0.6

269.75 N
0.8

401.27 N

1.2
-5

5
MOMENT N-M

10

15

The graph is drawn between depth vs shear for aluminum

DEPTH VS SHEAR
-1500

-1000

-500

500

1000

1500

2000

0
0.2

57.01N
129.3N

DEPTH (M)

0.4

191.08N
0.6

269.75N
401.27N

0.8
1
1.2
SHEAR (N)

The graph is drawn between depth vs shear for pvc


DEPTH VS SHEAR
-100

100

200

300

400

500

0
0.2

57.01N
129.3N

DEPTH (M)

0.4

191.08N

0.6

269.75N
401.27N

0.8
1
1.2
SHEAR (N)

The graph is drawn between depth vs soil reaction for


aluminum
DEPTH VS SOIL REACTION
-15

-10

-5

10

0.2

DEPTH (M)

0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
SOIL REACTION (KN/M)

57.01N
129.3N
191.08N
269.75N
401.27N

The graph is drawn between depth vs soil reaction for


pvc
DEPTH VS SOIL REACTION
-0.5

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

0
0.2
57.01N
129.3N

DEPTH (M)

0.4

191.08N
0.6

269.75N
401.27N

0.8
1
1.2
SOIL REACTION (KN/M)

For a pile under lateral loading, a solution cannot be

obtained without accounting deformation of both pile


and soil.

The deflection of the pile and the lateral resistance are


interdependent.

In this project a computer code has been developed for

the analysis of laterally loaded pile using finite


difference method.

Substituting appropriate boundary conditions fictious


nodes at top and bottom portion of pile has been

eliminated leading to (m+1) unknowns and (m+1).

The program are validated for (m+1) equations and


(m+1) unknowns and checked for correctness by
solving hypothetical numerical problems

1.

Analysis & design of shallow & deep foundation by


lymon c.reese,william M.isenhower,shinetowerwang

2.

Numerical methods for engineering problems by

N.krishna raju
3.

Introductory methods of numerical analysis by


s.s.sastry

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