PRESENTED BY: SAIMON BISHOYI REGD.NO.:0801289198 BRANCH-E.T.

C GROUP-A2

 Introduction
Types History Application

Devices
VRML

VIRTUAL REALITY
Defination
Virtual reality is a way for humans to visualize, manipulate and interact with computers and extremely complex data. The technology attempts to immerse the user into a computer generated world. The user interacts with the world and can directly manipulate objects in the world.

CREATING PRESENCE
Virtual reality systems attempt to create presence. Presence is the un-remarked sense of being in and reacting to the events in a place. It is un-remarked because for most of our conscious lives we know exactly where we are (at least we think so)

REAL WORLD

VIRTUAL WORLD

 A computer generated world with which the user can

interact
Interaction can vary from looking around to

interactively modifying the world.

What is Immersion?
Immersion in an environment (real or virtual) is related to the quantity and quality of sensory data from that environment Immersion in a virtual environment can be gauged by the extent to which the computer shuts out sensations from the real world and accommodates different sensory modalities (vision, audio, haptic)

HISTORY
Year 1965 1977 1982 1983 1984 1987 1992 1995 1999 Person(s) Responsible Ivan Sutherland Dan Sandin, Richard Sayre and Thomas Defanti Bonnie MacBird (Writer) Myron Krueger William Gibson (His assistant) Michael Piller (Writer) Stephen King (Official Website) Silicon Graphics Larry and Andy Wachowski Why it was important The beginnings of VR Interaction through body movement The first computer- generated movie First virtual environment The term 'Cyberspace' The Holodeck, idea of immersive VR A look at the possible negative side of VR Virtual Reality Modeling Language Virtual Reality movie grosses $750M worldwide

HISTORY OF VR
Flight Simulators: 1910 Mechanical Simulators 1929 Concept for electronic simulators 1945 Point light source projection (simulating runway lights) 1955 Video Based systems

The Sensorama - Circa 1960

A Cinematographic Experience 3D Imaginary Contextual Smells Stereo Sound Vibration Wind in the hair Motorcycle ride through Brooklyn

History of VR 1970's
First film special effects using computer graphics First video arcade games - pong Data Glove Sandin and Sayre bend-sensing glove 1977 G.J. Grimes, patented a data entry glove 1983 (assigned to Bell Telephone Labs) Polhemus Tracker (Raab et al 1979)

History of VR 1980's
See through Head Mounted Display
(Callahan (MIT) 1983)

Commercial head-mounted displays

(VPL Research and Autodesk 1989)

Term "Virtual Reality" coined

( Jaron Lanier VPL 1989)

SGI Reality Engine (1989)

History of VR 1990's
First Applications of Virtual Reality in medical teaching:
Colonoscopy Simulation Upper GI tract endoscopy simulation

Improved general purpose haptic devices (Sensable) First attempts at simulation of laparoscopy

 Immersive Augmented Text-based

Desktop (Window on a World)

Video Mapping

A type of VR in which the user becomes immersed (deeply involved) in a virtual world. it is also a form of VR that uses computer related components.

 Text-based VR: when a reader of a certain text form a

mental model of this virtual world in their head from the description of people , places and things. Augmented VR: the idea of taking what is real and adding to it in some way so that user obtains more information from their environment.

 A room with projections on

all walls, floor and ceiling The users wear shutter glasses to get a 3D view of the world. The users are able to move and control the environment with some kind of input mechanism
Camera Device in hand

WINDOW ON WORLD
"One must look at a display screen, as a window through which one beholds a virtual world.
Ivan Sutherland 1965

Conventional computer monitor

(possibly stereo with shutter glasses)

Realistic Sound Special input devices (In reality just simple computer graphics, but still appropriate for many medical applications)

Window on the World - Colonoscopy Simulation

Video Mapping Refers to systems

where the user controls a virtual actor in a virtual world. Some systems show the user (or a silhouette) inside the world, but more commonly the view is of the virtual world through the actor's eyes. Possible for medical visualisation and surgical simulation

Systems with head tracking

Using simple stereo devices there is one correct position from which to view a scene. By tracking the user's head, and computing the stereo image pair accordingly a more accurate 3D image can be created. When applied to limited space around a simple screen this is sometimes termed Fish tank virtual reality

Hands in the fish Tank

Stereo displays can be constructed that allow the user to put his own hands into the fish tank, and possibly interact with the image through a haptic device. They have been applied to simulating laparoscopic procedures.

Haptic Devices
One of the main difficulties in applying these techniques in medicine is designing haptic devices that are realistic enough. They are expensive and application specific.

Immersa Desks
These devices use all the techniques discussed so far, but are scaled up. Some have drafting capabilities, and are more suited to applications in architecture than in medicine.

Sensors and manipulators are remotely controlled by a human operator Some spectacular success, such as the exploration of the Titanic. Applications including fire fighter robots and unmanned military vehicles. Proposed for endoscopic or robotic surgery, but not really required in practical.

Augmented Reality
Overlaying a real image with segmented scan data for surgery Computer generated maps and data overlaid on transparent head mounted displays. Adding computer generated information to the real world.

Visually appealing results are possible

 Architecture

Training
Medicine Engineering and Design

E-Commerce
Entertainment Manufacturing

An area in which virtual reality has tremendous potential is in architectural design. Already being created are architectural "walk-throughs" that allow designers and clients to examine homes and office buildings, inside and out, before they're built. With virtual reality, designers can interactively test a building before construction begins.

 researchers are using virtual reality technology to create

3-D ultrasound images to help doctors diagnose and treat congenital heart defects in children The medical application of VR was stimulated initially by the need of medical staff to visualise complex medical data, particularly during surgery and for surgery planning, and for medical education and training.

 United States: The military used it as flight simulators to

train pilots. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) use VR technology to construct a model of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) .in September, 1993, approximately 100 members of the NASA HST flight team received over 200 hours of training using the VR...

BOOM is a head coupled stereoscopic display device. Screens and optical system are housed in a box that is attached to a multilink arm.

Head Mounted Displays (HMD): was the first device providing its wearer with an immersive experience. Evans and Sutherland demonstrated a headmounted stereo display already in 1965.

Most exciting is the ongoing development of VRML on the World Wide Web. In addition to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), that has become a standard authoring tool for the creation of home pages, VRML provides threedimensional worlds with integrated hyperlinks on the Web. Home pages become home spaces.

 Not a programming language like c++ or java Descriptive (rather than procedural) like HTML File formats contains human readable and editable ASCII

text

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