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Mobitz I
Usually due to inferior MI. Rarely goes into 3rd degree block. Txt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol.
Mobitz II
BBB association. Often goes to 3rd degree AV block. Usually due to anterior MI.
a wave
LA contraction
Wavy fibers
Serous Pericarditis
Hemorrhagic Pericarditis
Associated w/ TB or neoplasm
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Aka infiltrative cardiomyopathy that stiffens the heart Due to amyloidosis in the elderly Due to , also see schaumann & asteroid bodies in young (<25 yoa).
Crescentic GN
Rapidly progressive GN - nephritic syndrome Associated w/ multi system disease or poststrep/post infectious glomerular nephritis
Membranoproliferative GN
Can be secondary to complement deficiency; chronic infections; CLL See tram tracking
Cold agglutinins
Scrofula
Aspirin-Asthma Triad
Cloudy swelling
Failure of cellular Na pump Seen in Fatty degeneration of the liver and in Hydropic (Vacuolar) degeneration of the liver
Hydropic degeneration
Retinoblastoma
Chromosome 13
Chromosome 11p
Agent Orange
Contains dioxin Implicated as a cause of Hodgkin;s disease, non-Hodgkins lymphoma & soft tissue sarcomas
Ochronosis
Alkaptonuria Error in tyrosine metabolism due to Homogentisic acid (oxidizes tyrosine) Involving intervertebral disks = Ankylosing Spondilitis = Poker spine See dark urine; dark coloration of sclera, tendons, cartilage
Warthin-Finkeledy cells
Reticuloendothelial giant cells on tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen Seen with Rubeola (measles) due to paramyxovirus
Staph aureus, Hemolytic Streptococci, E. coli Common among drug addicts & diabetics
Mitral Insufficiency
Branch of the Left Coronary artery Highest frequency of thrombotic occlusion MI = anterior wall of the LV, especially in apical part of interventricular septum
Bronchopneumonia
Lobular (rather than lobar) Due to Staph aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella; E. coli Abscess formation is common
Lobar pneumonia
Due to Strep. Pneumoniae infection (5% due to Klebsiella) Red Hepatization: days 1-3 of the pneumonia Gray Hepatization: days 3-8 of untreated pneumonia Complicaitons: pleural effusion; atelectasia; fibrinous pleuritis; empyema; fibrinous pericarditis; otitis media
Panlobular Emphysema
Farmers Lung
Bagassosis
Silo-Fillers Lung
Scirrhous Carcinoma
Hofbauer Cells
IgA deficiency
Pt has recurrent infections & diarrhea w/ Increased respiratory tract allergy & autoimmune diseases If given blood w/ IgA = develop severe, fatal anaphylaxis reaction
LDH3
Lung tissue
Liver cells
Keratomalacia
Severe Vit A deficiency. See Bitots spots in the eyes = gray plaques = thickened, keratinized ET
Metabisfite Test
Suspending RBCs in a low O2 content solution Can detect Hemoglobin S, which sickles in low O2
Can be due to Hemolyitc Uremic Syndrome & Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) See Helmet cells
IgA Focal GN = Bergers disease; SLE; PAN; SchonleinHenoch purpura (anaphylactoid purpura)
Focal (Segmental) GN; Membranous GN; Lipoid (Minimal Change) GN; Membranoproliferative GN; Hep B; Syphilis; Penicillamine
Hypertensive Hemorrhage
Associated w/lymphoid neoplasms. See agglutination & hemolysis in tissue exposed to cold. IgM Abs
Acidophils
Basophils
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Hist.; 5HT; PGD2; PGE2; PGF2; LTC4; LTD4; LTE4; Bradykinin; PAF
Platelet Aggregation
Platelet Antagonist
Prostacyclin (PGI2)
Hurlers
Galactosemia
Adult Poly Cystic Kidney Disease Familial Hypercholestrolemia Disease Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telengectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu) Hereditary Spherocytosis Huntingtons Disease (chromosome 4p) Marfans Syndrome Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausens) Tuberous Sclerosis Von Hippel Lindau Disease
Tay-Sachs Gauchers Niemann-Pick Hurlers Von Gierkes Pompes Coris McArdles Galactosemia PKU Alcaptonuria
Hunters Syndrome (L-Iduronosulfate Sulfatase deficincy, Increased Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate) Fabrys Disease ( Galactosidase A deficiency, Increased Ceremide Trihexoside) Classic Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency, F8 Gene on X chromosome is bad, Increased Ceremide Trihexoside) Lisch-Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, Increased Uric acid) G6Phosphatase deficiency (G6PDH deficiency, Increased Ceremide trihexoside) Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy (Dystrophin deficinecy, Increased Ceremide Trihexoside)
Lung Development
Glandular: 5-17 fetal weeks Canalicular 13-25 fetal weeks Terminal Sac 24 weeks to birth Alveolar period birth-8yoa
21-22 days
Type I Error
Type II Error
: Setting the guilty free - fail to reject the null hypotesis when it was false
Power
1 -
Ouabain [(-) K+ pump] Vanadate [(-) phosphorylation] Digoxin [Increased heart contractility]
3p
5p
11p
Wilms tumor
13q
Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
13q
Breast CA , BRCA-2
17p
P53
17q
18q
22q