Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

Technical Seminar Report On

“CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS”

under the guidance of

Mr. Debasis Jena

submitted by

SIGMA DASH EE200198046

Presented by – SIGMA DASH
 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION
Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

 Simulator that evaluates, provides and prioritizes the impacts

on an electric power system
 AC power flow method is expensive, computationally and time
taking.
 DC power flow equations and bus voltage equations

 Deterministic contingency analysis

 The algo in CA uses network parameters to model, calculate

& simulate the effects of removing equipment from the
power
system. by – SIGMA DASH
Presented
 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

DC POWER FLOW METHOD

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

N-1 in number, only the real power flow , all line resistances are
neglected

 * 
 i ∑ ij j 
Pi = Real V Y V  i = 2,........ N
 j 
 
∑
jθij jδ j
= Real 
 Vi e − jδi
Yij e Vi e 

 j 
 j( θ +δ −δ ) 
= Real  ∑Vi V j Yij e ij j i 
 i 

Line resistance is neglected so

Y ij = Gij + jBij = jBij

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 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

Pi = ∑Vi V j Bij sin( δi −δ j )

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

δi −δj must be sufficiently small

i -1 N

Ultimately, Pi =∑K ij δj +K ii δi + ∑K ij δj
j =1 j =i +1

or in matrix form P = Kδ

If P has to be constant, K & δ will change from base values

This provides the changes in the bus voltage angles

∆ δ = - (K0)-1 ∆ Kδ s

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 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

To study single contingencies, we use

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

∆ Kpp = Kpq
∆ Kqq = Kpq
∆ Kpq = - Kpq
∆ K qp = - Kqp
Substituting these we get the matrix as
∆δ p
= - (K0)-1 (δ ps ∆ K p+ δ ps ∆ Kq)
q

Changes in line flows due to the loss of line pq given are

obtained by substituting the appropriate elements of ∆ δ pq

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 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

Z MATRIX METHOD
Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

Methods include inverting Y bus matrix and injecting a

fictitious current into the bus
Converting the MVA loads to impedance loads using
2
Zloadi = Vi
S i*

Injecting a unit current, into the bus p which has to be removed

 V1   Z 1P 
 .   . 
   
 .  =  . 
   
 .   . 

VN  
Z NP 

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 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

Ipq can be calculated using the equation

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

V p − Vq
I pq =
Z linepq

An adjustment parameter, d, has to be used

S
I pq
∆
d=
I pq

Due to the injection lp = d, the new current in other elements

d ( Z ip − Z jp )
Ipq =
Z line ij

where ij is not equal to mn

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 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

The sought-after current flow changes due to removing line pq are

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

~
∆ I ij = I ij − I ij for all ij

Calculating the current flow pattern in the modified network,

in which line pq has been removed, requires only that we inject
current I p=d, as before, into the modified network.
The voltages are
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
 Vi   Z11 Z12 . . . Z1N  0   Z1 p d 
    .   
 .   .    =  . 
 . = .  d   . 
       
 .   .  .   . 
V~   Z~ ~ ~   ~
Z d 
 N   N1 Z N2 . . . Z NN  0 
  Np 

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 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

POST CONTINGENCY EQUILLIBRIUM

Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

Methods to compute the equilibrium condition immediately

following a disturbance to an electric power system

 Analysis by Integration

 Analysis by Simultaneous
Iteration

 Analysis by partitioned iteration

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 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

CONCLUSION
Technical Seminar Presentation 2004

 Methods for evaluating both isolated and interconnected areas

 Used as an online decision support tool

 Faster approximate methods for locating potential trouble spots

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Technical Seminar Presentation 2004 CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS

THANK YOU !

Presented by – SIGMA DASH