SONET

National Institute Of Science & Technology

Synchronous Optical Network

(SONET)
Technical Seminar Presentation
By
Manjit Hota Roll # EC200118144

Under the guidance of

Mr. Nalla Srinivasu
[1]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

SONET
National Institute Of Science & Technology

Standard for optical communication

transport
Formulated by ECSA for ANSI
1984
Defines
 OCs
 STSs
[2]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

Synchronization of Digital Signals

National Institute Of Science & Technology

Synchronous  Digital transitions in

the signals occur at
exactly same rate
 All clocks are traceable
Signal to one PRC.
Asynchronous Transition of the
signal does not occur
at same normal rate

Plesiochronous Almost same rate &

variation constrained
within tight limits
[3]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

SONET Synchronous Hierarchy

National Institute Of Science & Technology

Signal Bit Rate (Mbps)

STS–1, OC–1 51.840
STS–3, OC–3 155.520
STS–12, OC–12 622.080
STS–48, OC–48 2,488.320
STS–192, OC-192 9,953.280

[4]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

Network Design Considerations for SONET

National Institute Of Science & Technology

Transmission Optical fiber. Classified by bandwidth starting at OC-1

Media for 51.84 Mbps.
Bandwidth Ranges from 51.84 Mbps(OC-1) to 9.95 Gbps (OC-192).
Application Voice, data, video and audio over the same line.
Support
Distance Fees increase as distance increases.
Limitations
Network Typically the telephone company's backbone. Use for
Function WAN solutions over leased lines for large corporations.
Cost Very expensive. Monthly fees for OC-3 coast-to-coast >
$400,000.

[5]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

SONET System
National Institute Of Science & Technology

Regenerator Regenerator

STS MUX STS MUX

Add/Drop
Multiplexer
[6]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

SONET Protocol Stack

National Institute Of Science & Technology

Path Layer Four Layers

Line Layer
Photonic Layer
Section Layer
Section Layer
Data Link
Line Layer
Path Layer
Photonic Layer
Physical

[7]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET
SONET Frame
90 Columns
National Institute Of Science & Technology

TOH SPE 9 rows

3 columns 87 columns
90 octets/row * 8 bits/octet =720 bits/row
720 bit/roe * 920 rows/frame = 6480 bits/frame
6480 bits/frame * 8000 frames/second = 51.84 Mbps
[8]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET
Overheads
National Institute Of Science & Technology

Simpler Multiplexing
Greatly expanded Operation, Maintenance,
Administration & Provisioning

[9]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

SONET Multiplexing
National Institute Of Science & Technology

Multiplexing principles
Mapping
Aligning
Multiplexing
Stuffing
[10]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

SONET Network Configurations

National Institute Of Science & Technology

Point to Point

PTE REG PTE

Point to Multipoint

PTE REG ADM REG PTE

[11]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

Hub Network Ring Architecture

National Institute Of Science & Technology

ADM

ADM ADM

ADM

[12]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET
National Institute Of Science & Technology

SONET & SDH

Developed by CCITT
Standard useful for interfacing between
the CCITT & ANSI transmission
hierarchies
Developed in 1989
World wide standard & SONET can be
considered as a subset of SDH

[13]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET

Advantages of SONET
National Institute Of Science & Technology

Reduced Back-to-Back Multiplexing

Optical Interconnect
Multipoint Configurations
Reduced Cabling
Enhanced OAM&P
Enhanced Performance Monitoring

[14]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET
National Institute Of Science & Technology

Applications of SONET
SONET
Can be used as a backbone or totally
replace other networking protocols such as
SMDS or FDDI
Can support bandwidth on demand
Can be the carrier for ATM cells
Can be the carrier for ISDN and BISDN
Can replace existing T-1 or T-3 lines
[15]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 SONET
National Institute Of Science & Technology

Conclusion

SONET was developed to promulgate standard

optical transmission signal interfaces to allow
mid-section needs of fiber optic system

[16]
Manjit Hota (EC200118144)
 National Institute Of Science & Technology
SONET

Manjit Hota (EC200118144)

[17]