Chapter 01 - Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV)

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ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01
March-2005
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Objectives
The participants will be able to :
Describe the features and advantages of ALV.
Describe the different function modules that should be used to properly produce a report output in ALV. Create simple ALV reports. Format the layout of the ALV reports.
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ALV (ABAP List Viewer)

ABAP List Viewer (ALV) is a simple, user friendly and better looking reporting tool as compared to the usage of write statements in a conventional / interactive report. SAP provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules, which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output.
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Advantages of ALV
Looks better.
User friendly
Filtering / Sorting Layout Change / Save Summation, Download to excel, E-Mail Data can be open for input / change etc.
Better Event handling Width of more than 256 characters possible Programming overhead of mentioning exact positions in write statements not needed.
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ALV Features
Email Change Layout Download to Excel Filtering Sorting Column Heading Row(s)
Selection
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ALV Features (Contd.)

Display Graphics
Fields Open For Input
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ALV Programming
Two Approaches
Conventional (Using SAP Standard Function Modules).
Object Oriented (Using SAP Standard Classes and Methods).
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Common ALV functions

The commonly used ALV function modules are:
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4 REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE REUSE_ALV_POPUP_TO_SELECT REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
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Major Steps to construct an ALV Report

Step 1 : Data Declaration. Step 2 : Selecting the Variant for initial list display (Default Variant).
Optional : Used only if report layout is maintained through variant management.
Step 3 : Defining output characteristics: preparing display Field-catalog. Step 4 : Build a table for Events, which are used for firing both user commands and the system dependent events i.e. top of page, end of page etc.
Optional : Required if the report has custom buttons, interactive properties etc or you need to display something at the top of page or end of page sections.
Step 5 : Build the Layout for report display. Continued to next slide
9 Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01 March-2005
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Major Steps to construct an ALV Report (Contd.)

Step 6 : Get the Selection Screen information in the report output.
Optional : Required only if you need to display selection screen values in the report output.
Step 7 : Specify the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list.

Optional : Required when sorting and/or subtotaling is required for some columns in the report output.
Step 8 : Finally display report output, using the following ALV functions modules:
1. REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
2. REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
Or REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
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Step 1: Data Declaration

SAP Standard type pools: SLIS , KKBLO . SAP Standard tables types taken from the type pools are:
SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV , SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV, SLIS_T_LISTHEADER, SLIS_T_EVENT, SLIS_SELFIELD.
Internal tables to be used in the program declared based on the above table types:
I_LAYOUT TYPE SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV, I_FIELDTAB TYPE SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV, I_HEADING TYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER, I_EVENTS TYPE SLIS_T_EVENT. TYPES: KKBLO_SELFIELD TYPE SLIS_SELFIELD. DATA:
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Step 2: Selecting the Variant for initial list display (Default Variant).
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET'
* EXPORTING
I_SAVE specific ) CHANGING cs_variant and the * EXCEPTIONS * WRONG_INPUT * NOT_FOUND =1 =2 = Internal table containing the program name ( default variant: Optional ) = Variant save condition ( A=all, U = user-
* PROGRAM_ERROR
* OTHERS
.
=3
= 4.
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ALV Function Modules : REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4' EXPORTING is_variant = * I_TABNAME_HEADER = * I_TABNAME_ITEM = * IT_DEFAULT_FIELDCAT = * I_SAVE ='' * I_DISPLAY_VIA_GRID ='' * IMPORTING * E_EXIT = * ES_VARIANT = * EXCEPTIONS * NOT_FOUND =1 * PROGRAM_ERROR =2 * OTHERS = 3.
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ALV Function Modules : REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE'
* EXPORTING
* I_SAVE CHANGING cs_variant * EXCEPTIONS = =''
* WRONG_INPUT
* NOT_FOUND * OTHERS * PROGRAM_ERROR = 4.
=1
=2 =3
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Step 3: Defining output characteristics: preparing display Field-catalog

A field catalog is prepared using the internal table (I_FIELDCAT) of type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV. The field catalog for the output table is built-up in the caller's coding. The build-up can be completely or partially automated by calling the REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE module.
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Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog

All the values entered in the catalog is specific to the particular field whose name is entered in the field FIELDNAME of the field catalog structure. The name of the table is also entered in the corresponding Fieldname TABNAME of the structure. Some important attributes that can be defined for a field are:
Col_pos (column position) Fieldname (field name) Tabname (internal output table) Ref_fieldname (reference field name) Ref_tabname (reference table/structure field name Link to currency unit
Cfieldname (currency unit field name)

Ctabname (internal currency unit field output table)
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Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog (Contd.)

Link to measurement unit
Qfieldname (measurement unit field name)

Qtabname (internal measurement unit field output table) Outputlen (column width) Key (key column) No_out (field in field list) Emphasize (highlight columns in color) Hotspot (column as hotspot)
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Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog (Contd.)

Fix_column (fix column)
Do_sum (sum over column)

No_sum (sums forbidden) Icon Just (justification) Lzero (leading zeros) No_sign (no +/- sign) Edit_mask (field formatting) The following parameters are used for customizing the texts in the heading of the output of the columns. Seltext_l (long field label) Seltext_m (medium field label) Seltext_s (short field label)
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Step 4: Build a table for Events

*Internal Table needed for events DATA: i_events TYPE slis_t_event. *Calling Function module to populate table with possible events CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET' EXPORTING i_list_type = 0 IMPORTING et_events = i_events EXCEPTIONS list_type_wrong = 1 OTHERS = 2. SORT i_events BY name. Continued to next page
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Step 4: Build a table for Events (Contd.)

SORT i_events BY name. *Reading events table READ TABLE i_events WITH KEY name = 'TOP_OF_PAGE' BINARY SEARCH. IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL. *Assign event name to variable MOVE 'TOP_OF_PAGE' TO i_events-form. MODIFY i_events INDEX sy-tabix. ENDIF.
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Step 5: Build the Layout for report display

A layout is build for the report output description USING the internal table for Layout (I_LAYOUT). The layout parameters are described under the following heads:
Display options Exceptions Totals Interaction Detail screen Color Other
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Preparing the Layout (Contd.)

DATA: st_layout TYPE slis_layout_alv, " ALV Layout st_layout-box_fieldname = 'BOX'. st_layout-get_selinfos = 'X'. st_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'. st_layout-no_keyfix = 'X'. " Box Fieldname " Get info of select records " To optimize coloumn width " To scroll Key fields
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Step 6 : Get the Selection Screen information in the report output.

For this you need to set the parameter LAYOUT-GET_SELINFOS of the Layout structure If the calling program is a report with an ABAP/4 selection screen, setting this parameter makes ALV read the selection screen again. If the selections are read successfully, a pushbutton, via which the user can call a popup which lists the report selections in a simple form, becomes active on the results list output by ALV.
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Step 7 : Specify the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list.

The Table IT_SORT is populated with the sort criteria for the different fields.
The caller specifies the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list in the internal table IT_SORT.
This internal table has the following fields:
spos : Sort sequence fieldname : Internal output table field name tabname : Only relevant for hierarchical-sequential lists. Name of the internal output table. up : 'X' = sort in ascending order down : 'X' = sort in descending order
subtot : 'X' = subtotal at group value change

group : '* ' = new page at group value change ,'UL' = underline at group value change
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Step 8 : Display the Report output

Finally display report output, using the following ALV functions modules:
1.
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
2.
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY OR REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
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Display ALV List

CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY' EXPORTING I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = WS_REPNAME I_STRUCTURE_NAME = Internal output table field name IS_LAYOUT = I_LAYOUT IT_FIELDCAT = I_FIELDTAB I_DEFAULT = 'A' I_SAVE = 'A' IS_VARIANT = 'X' IT_EVENTS = I_EVENTS[] IT_SORT = I_SORT IS_SEL_HIDE = I_SELINFO TABLES T_OUTTAB = Internal output table field name.
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ALV Function Modules : Important Parameters

IMPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND I_STRUCTURE_NAME IS_LAYOUT IT_FIELDCAT IT_EXCLUDING IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
EXPORTING
E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER
TABLES
T_OUTTAB
IT_SORT
IT_FILTER IS_SEL_HIDE I_DEFAULT I_SAVE
IS_VARIANT
IS_PRINT
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Simple Program Walkthrough : REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY

REPORT Y_DEMO_ALV_LIST NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
* Data to be displayed
DATA: I_SFLIGHT TYPE TABLE OF SFLIGHT. * Selection SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT INTO TABLE I_SFLIGHT. * Call ABAP List Viewer (ALV) CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY' EXPORTING I_STRUCTURE_NAME TABLES T_OUTTAB = I_SFLIGHT. = 'SFLIGHT'
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Result: REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
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Demonstration
Creation of a simple ALV list report using the function module REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY.
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Practice
Creation of a simple ALV list report using the function module REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY.
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Simple Program Walkthrough: REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY

REPORT Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID .
* Data to be displayed
DATA: I_SFLIGHT TYPE TABLE OF SFLIGHT. * Selection SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT INTO TABLE I_SFLIGHT. * Call ABAP List Viewer (ALV) CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' EXPORTING I_STRUCTURE_NAME TABLES T_OUTTAB = I_SFLIGHT. = 'SFLIGHT'
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Result : REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
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Demonstration
Create a simple ALV grid report using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
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Practice
Create a simple ALV grid report using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
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Simple Program Walkthrough: Including Title in the Report for GRID DISPLAY
Title
In the PARAMETERS give I_GRID_TITLE = 'Flight Information and Call the function 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
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Simple Program Walkthrough: Using FIELDCAT to Position Columns

DATA: i_fcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv, wa_fcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv. wa_fcat-tabname = 'I_SFLIGHT'. wa_fcat-col_pos = '1'. wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CARRID'. append wa_fcat to i_fcat. wa_fcat-col_pos = '2'. wa_fcat-fieldname = 'FLDATE'. append wa_fcat to i_fcat. wa_fcat-col_pos = '3'. wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CONNID'. append wa_fcat to i_fcat. wa_fcat-col_pos = '4'. wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PRICE'. APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat. wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CURRENCY'. wa_fcat-no_out = 'X'. APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat. wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PLANETYPE'. wa_fcat-no_out = 'X'. APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat.
In the function module pass : IT_FIELDCAT = i_fcat
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Result :
PRICE CONNID FLDATE CARRID
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Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by populating the field catalog table, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
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Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by populating the field catalog table, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
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Simple Program Walkthrough: Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV

1. Go to Transaction SE41(Menu Painter). 2. Give the Program as SAPLKKBL and the Status as STANDARD. 3. Now copy the STANDARD status of the Program SAPLKKBL to a customized status YALVGRID for Program Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID. 4. Go to the Program Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID and create a Subroutine SET_PF_STATUS using rt_extab TYPE SLIS_T_EXTAB for setting the standard ALV PF-STATUS to the customized PF-STATUS YALVGRID.
FORM set_pf_status USING SET PF-STATUS 'YALVGRID'. ENDFORM.
p_rt_extab TYPE slis_t_extab.
" set_pf_status
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Simple Program Walkthrough: Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
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Simple Program Walkthrough: Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
Call the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY as:
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY' EXPORTING
I_STRUCTURE_NAME
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM IT_FIELDCAT = i_fcat I_GRID_TITLE
= 'SFLIGHT'
= 'Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID'
I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET = 'SET_PF_STATUS' = 'Flight Information' = I_SFLIGHT.
TABLES
T_OUTTAB
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Result : Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
Custom Button for adding extra functionality
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Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by changing the default status bar, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
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Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by changing the default status bar, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
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Simple Program Walkthrough : Adding Function Codes

Create a Subroutine user_command USING v_ucomm LIKE sy-ucomm v_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.
FORM user_command USING v_ucomm LIKE sy-ucomm v_selfield TYPE slis_selfield. CASE v_ucomm. WHEN 'BACK'. * When Back button is pressed is pressed leave list LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING. ENDCASE. ENDFORM.
During the Call to the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY, another parameter I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND = USER_COMMAND'.
add
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Simple Program Walkthrough : Make some fields Editable

Make the field PRICE editable by updating the field catalog.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '4'.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PRICE'.
wa_fcat-edit = 'X'. append wa_fcat to i_fcat. clear wa_fcat.
To make PRICE field editable
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Result : Field Editable
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Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by making one of its column editable, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
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Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by making one of its column editable, using the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
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Summary
ABAP List Viewer (ALV) is a simple, user friendly and better looking reporting tool as compared to the usage of write statements in a conventional / interactive report. ALV report has several inbuilt User Friendly properties as:
Filtering / Sorting Layout Change / Save Summation, Download to excel, E-Mail Data can be open for input / change etc.
The main ALV Function Modules are:

REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
Status STANDARD of the main program SAPLKKBL is copied and then changed to create a new customized GUI status for any ALV report.
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Questions
What is ALV ?
What are the main differences between an ALV report and a classical report?
What are the main function modules used to create an ALV List? What are the main differences between ALV list and ALV grid? What are the different ways to populate the FIELD CATALOG table?
How can we change the default status bar of an ALV List?

How can we handle custom function code in ALV ? How can we make a certain columns of an ALV list editable?
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Chapter 01 - Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV)

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Chapter 01 - Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV)

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IBM Global Services

ABAP List Viewer (ALV)

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

ALV (ABAP List Viewer)

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

ALV Features (Contd.)

Fields Open For Input

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Common ALV functions

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

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Major Steps to construct an ALV Report

2005 IBM Corporation

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Major Steps to construct an ALV Report (Contd.)

Step 7 : Specify the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list.

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

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Step 1: Data Declaration

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

2005 IBM Corporation

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Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

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ALV Function Modules : REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4

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ALV Function Modules : REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

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Step 3: Defining output characteristics: preparing display Field-catalog

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

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Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog

Cfieldname (currency unit field name)

Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV) | 5.01

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Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog (Contd.)

Qfieldname (measurement unit field name)