NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Things that you dont really say, but they say a lot about YOU

Quote
Fie, fie upon her! Theres language in her eye, her cheek, her lip, Nay her foot speaks, her wanton spirits look out at every joint and motive of her body. ~ William Shakespeare ~

CHAPTER OUTLINE
TYPES Voice Appearance The Face & Eyes Posture & Movement Space & Distance Physical Environment Time DEFINITION

CHARACTERISTICS Communicative Value Affected Career Success Powerful Ambiguous Expressed Attitude Culture Bound

IMPROVING N.V BEHAVIOR Monitor Observe Conventions Demonstrate Interest

DEFINITION
A system of symbolic behaviors that includes all forms of communication except words.
http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication

Message components other than words that generate meaning. Andy (2003) Communication involves messages expressed without words.
Adler, Elmhorst, & Lucas, (2013).

Pioneer in nonverbal research, Ray Birdwhistell (1970), the signals to which meaning will be attributed

CHARACTERISTICS OF N.V.C
Appearance, facial expression, nuance of voice has potential convey meaning.

Communicative Value

Impressions of others from N.V observations about physical appearance and behavior. Influence our judgments Express inner feelings

POWERFUL

Ambiguous

Create powerful impressions, message coveys are ambiguous The meaning is open to interpretation and often confusing.

Expresses Attitudes

Infer general interest, liking, disagreement, happy, sad and so on.

Ability to manage N.V.B plays strong role in communicative success.

Career Success

Culture Bound

N.V.B seem to be universal N.V expressions do vary from culture to culture

TYPES OF N.V.C
Emotion and feelings of the speakers apparent from the sound of their voices. Paralanguage describe wide range of vocal characteristics and helps express an attitude Pitch (High Low) Resonance (Resonant Thin) Range ( Spread Narrow) Tempo (Rapid Slow) Articulation (Precise Imprecise) Disfluencies (umm, err, etc) Rhythm (Smooth Jerky) Pauses (Frequency and duration) Volume (Loud Soft) Speaking at a moderate rate can indicate confidence, while speaking at a quicker rate or louder can indicate excitement or agitation. Speaking slower and with less volume may convey a more serious or somber impression (Barnes, 2002).

As a rule, people who look attractive considered to be likable and persuasive and generally have more successful careers.

Personal appearance convey nonverbal stimuli that affect attitudes, even emotions

Tips choosing wardrobe

Look around (Ask HR about company dress codes) Dress for the job you want Err on the side of dressing conservatively Dont show too much skin Dont confuse casual with sloppy

THE FACE & EYES

The eyes are frequently referred to as the "windows to the soul" since they are capable of revealing a great deal about what a person if feeling or thinking.

Facial expressions may reveal our true feelings about a particular situation. While you may say that you are feeling fine, the look on your face may tell people otherwise. The expressions used to convey fear, anger, sadness, and happiness are similar throughout the world. Researcher Paul Ekman has found support for the universality of a variety of facial expressions tied to particular emotions including joy, anger, fear, surprise, and sadness.

THE FACE
There are seven universally recognized emotions shown through facial expression: Happiness: round eyes, smile, raised cheeks Sadness: raised inner eyebrows, pulling down of outer lips Surprise: eyebrows raised, wide open eyes, open mouth Anger: Lower eyebrow, intense stare Fear: Raised eyebrows and eyelids, slightly opened mouth, lip edges stretched back horizontally Contempt: Naturally occurs on one side of the face, pulling upper lip up and away Disgust: wrinkled nose, lowered eyelids and eyebrows, raised upper lip

4 5

Persons face communicates emotions clearly.

Eye Contact
To give and receive feedback: Looking at someone lets them know that the receiver is concentrating on the content of their speech. Not maintaining eye contact can indicate disinterest. Communication may not be a smooth process if a listener averts their eyes too frequently.
To let a partner know when it is their 'turn' to speak: Eye contact is more likely to be continuous when someone is listening, rather than speaking. When a person has finished what they have to say, they will look directly at the other person and this gives a signal that the arena is open. If someone does not want to be interrupted, eye contact may be avoided. To communicate something about a relationship between people: When you dislike someone, you tend to avoid eye contact and pupil size is often reduced. On the other hand, the maintenance of positive eye contact signals interest or attraction in a partner. www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbalcommunication.html#ixzz2h5ospdzA

In the western civilizations, eye contact is most often defined as a sign of confidence. Eye contact is not consistent amongst different religions, cultures and social backgrounds. Examples Cultural Differences: In Asia (including Middle East), keeping eye contact with someone of authority implies rudeness and can be mistaken as a provoking mean of communication. In Western societies, eye contact can imply empathy and comes across as a type of emotional connection. In the 19th century, the Spanish women used eye contact to say what they couldn't express explicitly. In some Asian countries, avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect. Religious Differences: In extremist religions, eye contact is sometimes frowned upon amongst people of the opposite sex. Muslim women lower their gaze when in the presence of men.

If you roll your eyes you might as well say, 'I'm so over what you're saying'.

Pleasant, direct eye contact is maintained by looking at the area between the nose and mouth and occasionally to the eyes.

Looking down suggests the person is not confident or may not know how to express their opinions. Respect cultures where direct eye contact is considered rude.

Staring is confrontational. It will quickly make the speaker lose their confidence

POSTURE The term posture refers to how we hold our bodies as well as overall physical form of an individual. Posture can convey a wealth of information about how a person is feeling as well as hints about personality characteristics, such as whether a person is confident, open, or submissive.

POSTURE & MOVEMENT

Open posture involves keeping the trunk of the body open and exposed. This type of posture indicates friendliness, openness, and willingness. Closed posture involves keeping the obscured or hidden often by hunching forward and keeping the arms and legs crossed. This type of posture can be an indicator of hostility, unfriendliness, and anxiety.

Gesture/Movement

Gestures can be used to: Emphasize a point Pointing to a wrist watch to suggest time is running out Illustrate a point Creating a shape with your hands or miming an action Communicate a desired action Motioning to a chair inviting someone to sit down

Gesticulation introduces emotion and animation to an oral story telling. Gestures combined with facial expressions can be used to entertain, instruct or even threaten.

Pointing - aggressive and confrontational

Open hand gestures illustrate your point.

Clenched fists and frowning - angry

A single, open hand gesture

Personal Space and Distance

Distance between ourselves and others also reflects feelings and attitudes and thus affects communication

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Space

Proximity

Furniture Arrangement

TIME

The way we use time provides a number of silent messages.

Monochronic Culture

Like to do just one thing at a time. Concentrate on the job at hand and take time commitments very seriously.

Polychronic Culture

Like to do multiple things at the same time. Has an open door, a ringing phone and a meeting all going on at the same time.

IMPROVING N.V EFFECTIVENESS

Self monitoring - Process of paying close attention to your behavior & use these observation to shape the way you behave

Monitor
Look around and suitable/adapt yourself with the circumstance

Observe Conventions

Demonstrate Interest
Immediacy describes closeness and liking

What emotions do these facial expressions portray?

What emotions do these posture/gesture portray?

The most important thing in communication is to hear what isnt being said.
- Peter F. Drucker -

REFERENCES
Andy, (2003). Non verbal communication : messages about messages Adler, R. B., Elmhorst, J., & Lucas, K., (2013). Communicating at Work.McGraw-Hill. 11th edition. Larson, John,Kleiner, & Brian H., (2004). How to Read Non Verbal Communication in Organizations. Management Research News; 2004; 27, 4/5; ABI/INFORM Complete, pg. 17. Retrieved from: - http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication - http://thearticulateceo.typepad.com/my-blog/2011/08/culturaldifferences-monochronic-versus-polychronic.html - https://sites.google.com/site/nonverbalcommunicationportal/forms-ofnonverbal-communication/eye-contact - http://toolboxes.flexiblelearning.net.au/demosites/series9/903/content/re sources/03_effective_communication/04_nonverbal_comm/page_003.htm - www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/nonverbalcommunication.html#ixzz2h5ospdzA