LOW COST TEMPERATURE SENSOR DEVICE

Guided by: Prof: Rahul Koshti

Presented By:
Vimanyu Kachroo (747) Prateek Dua (723) Sudhanshu Sharma (742)

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this project is to design an ambient temperature measurement circuit. The motivation for doing this project is the fact that temperature measurement has become an integral part of any control system operating in a temperature sensitive environment

In this project the ambient temperature will be displayed on a LCD and further a fan will be trigged on a specific temp.
An 8051Microcontroller will be used for handling all the required computations and control. A temperature sensor LM 35 is used for sensing the ambient temperature. The system will get the temperature from the IC and it will display the temperature over the LCD.

OBJECTIVE
There are many aspects that should be considered when measuring temperature. The needs of a home refrigerator are different to those of a commercial furnace, or those for monitoring liquids flowing through pipes in a beverage-processing plant. The previous application examples present very different challenges to those encountered when measuring the temperature within the housing of a cell phone or laptop computer.

While each of these applications need to measure temperature, they all have very different requirements.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Circuit Description

WORKING
Resistor R13 and present R14 is used to provide an external reference voltage of 1.28V. The step size of the ADC will be 10mV and span will be 0-1 V. That is for a 10mV input the digital out of ADC will be 1 (1 in decimal also), For 20mV it will be 10 (2 in decimal) and so on.

The microcontroller accepts this data and puts it on the seven segment display. Digital out of the ADC (D0 to D7) are connected to P1 (P1.0 to P1.7) of the microcontroller.

 The control pins from ADC CS, RD, WR and INTR are connected to P3.7, P3.6, P3.5 and P3.4 of the microcontroller. This is the data path through which the microcontroller sends chip select (CS), read (RD) write (WR) signals to the ADC and receives INTR signal from the ADC. Data lines (a to h) of the multiplexed seven segment display are interfaced to P0 (P0.0 to P0.7) of the microcontroller. Activation signals for the segment driver transistors Q1 and Q2 are available from P3.2 and P3.1 pins of the microcontroller.

PCB LAYOUT

PCB LAYOUT

SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
8051 MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit. Also called a "computer on a chip," billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to appliances to automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can use 70 or more microcontrollers. The following picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller.

 89s52: The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.

Atmel's AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highlyflexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.

LM 35 Temperature Sensor
LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in oC). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other processes.

With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor

 It has an operating temperature range of 55C to +125C and is accurate to 0.5C over the range of 10C to +85C. It can derive power directly from the data line hence eliminating the need for an external power supply. Each LM 35 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows multiple LM 35 to function on the same 1-Wire bus. Another feature of the LM 35 is the ability to operate at low external power supply.

APPLICATIONS
Temperature sensors are used extensively in the steel and iron industries to monitor temperatures and chemistry throughout the steel making process. Temperature sensors are used in the testing of prototype electrical and mechanical apparatus. Temperature sensors are used to monitor and control accordingly the temperature of sensitive devices such as computer CPUs.