Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pakistan
Government of Pakistan
President
Government of Pakistan
Senate
100 seats
4 Provinces 22 seats (ea)
National Assembly
342 seats
General 272 seats
Islamabad 4 seats
Women 60 seats
Non-Muslim 10 seats
Presidential Power
President acts on advice of Prime Minister May adopt absolute power to dissolve National Assembly, according to the 8th Amendment of the constitution.
Islam in Government
Increased involvement of Islam in the Pakistani Government since 1984 Referendum Enforcement of Sharia or Islamic Law since 1985 Assessment by the Shariat/Islamic Court regarding federal laws
Military in Government
The Military long standing force in Pakistani politics The President General Pervez Musharraf was never elected, came to power after a military take-over of government in 1999 Resigned as Army Chief of Staff in November 2007
Kashmir
Regarding Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan accords with UN Security Council Resolutions
developments and changes are to be made according to the will of the Kashmiri people
Pakistan is willing to take a bilateral approach with India in order to begin constructive dialogues regarding Jammu & Kashmir.
Defence
President Musharraf (2008) says Pakistan is a peaceful country, but a strong national defence is important in maintaining peace. Musharraf (2008) maintains an adequate defence force in Pakistan is necessary to defend the country and to support its economic development.
Member organisations
United Nations; Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC); South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC); and the Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO); (Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2007, p.1)
Maintained and improved relations with neighbors and major world powers
(Kasuri 2007, p.3)
(www.utdallas.edu)
(www.infopak.gov.pk)
Islam in constitution
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973, Preamble states:
Whereas sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone, and the authority to be exercised by the people of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust Wherein the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed Wherein the Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective spheres in accordance with the teachings and requirements of Islam as set out in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. (<www.pakistanconstitution-law.com>)
Article 40: relates to the strengthening of bonds with other Muslim countries based on Islamic unity and the promotion of international peace and security. Article 41: states the minimum requirements of an elected president, which include that he must be a Muslim.
Islam remains an important element of national identification and is a central issue in Pakistans politics.
(Haqqani 2004, pp.87-9)
Islam in Pakistan
Islam deeply rooted in Pakistans history Links to Pakistani military and the Pakistani elites world view (Haqqani 2004, p.85). Military rule fomented religious military presence in Pakistan. Islamists gained disproportionate influence over the countrys overall direction. Islam used as the means of achieving a common bond and unity (Haqqani 2004, pp.91-96).
Conclusion
While Islamic ideology remains important in Pakistan, the implications exacerbated by military rule and fundamentalism complicate Pakistans political situation and reduce its ability to be identified as a functional modern state.
References
Association of South East Asian Nations 2006, Overview, viewed 10 May 2008, <http://www.aseansec.org>. Bielawska, A 2008, State Church Relations, unpublished. Blood, P 1994, ed. Pakistan: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, viewed 5 May 2008, <http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/>. Haqqani, H 2004, The Role of Islam in Pakistans Future, The Washington Quarterly 28:1 pp. 85 96, viewed 4 May 2008 <http://www.twq.com>. Infopak.gov.pk n.d., Information of Pakistan, Basic facts, viewed 4 May 2008, <http://www.pak.gov>. Kasuri, KM 2007, in Foreign Office Year Book 2006-7, Message from the Minister of Foreign Affairs, viewed 10 May 2008, <http://www.mofa.gov.pk>. Pakistan 2008, In Encyclopdia Britannica, viewed 6 May 2008 <http://www.britannica.com>. Pakistani Student Association 2008, National Emblem, viewed 10 May 2008, < http://www.utdallas.edu>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2007, Foreign Office year Book 2006-7, viewed 10 May 2008, <http://www.mofa.gov.pk >. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2008b, Pakistan Foreign Relations 20034, Year Book, viewed 10 May 2008, <www.mofa.gov.pk >. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2008a, Pakistan: Brief Introduction, viewed 4 May 2008, <http://www.mofa.gov.pk >. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973, viewed 4 May 2008, <http://www.pakistanconstitution-law.com>. Witte, G 2007, Bhutto Assassination Sparks Chaos, Washington Post Foreign Service, 28 December; Page A01, viewed 6 May 2008, <http://www.washingtonpost.com> .