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Se define la presin, como la cantidad de fuerza de compresin normal que se ejerce sobre una unidad de rea (esfuerzo normal) que acta sobre una superficie sumergida en un fluido. Esto se enuncia por medio de la ecuacin:
P=F/A Blas Pascal, describi dos principios importantes acerca de la presin, que son llamadas Leyes de Pascal.
1) La presin acta de modo uniforme en todas las direcciones de un volumen pequeo de un fluido.
Presin
2) En un fluido confinado por fronteras slidas, la presin acta de manera perpendicular a la pared.
Presin
Ejemplo 1: La figura muestra un contenedor de lquido con un mbolo mvil que soporta una carga. Calcule la magnitud de la presin en el lquido bajo el mbolo, si el peso total de ste y el de la carga es de 500 N, y el rea del mbolo es de 2,500 mm2.
Solucion 0.20 Mpa
Ejemplo 2: Se aplica una carga de 200 libras (lb) sobre un mbolo que sella un cilindro circular de 2.5 pulgadas de dimetro interior que contiene aceite. Calcule la presin en el aceite junto al mbolo.
Solucion: 40.7 psi
Ejercicios Presin
Una ecuacin sencilla que relaciona los dos sistemas de medicin de presin es: p abs = p atm + p man P abs = Presin absoluta P man = Presin manomtrica P atm = Presin atmosfrica.
Vacio absoluto.
The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%.[2] Much higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambers, common in chemistry, physics, and engineering, operate below one trillionth (1012) of atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), and can reach around 100 particles/cm3. Outer space is an even higher-quality vacuum, with the equivalent of just a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter on average. However, even if every single atom and particle could be removed from a volume, it would still not be "empty" due to vacuum fluctuations, dark energy, and other phenomena in quantum physics. In modern particle physics, the vacuum state is considered as the ground state of matter
Categora Presin atmosfrica Vacio Bajo Vacio Medio Alto Vacio Ultra alto vacio Extra alto vacio Espacio exterior Vacio Perfecto
Presin en Pa 101.3 k Pa 3 kPa 100 kPa 0.1 Pa 3 kPa 0.1 Pa 1 x10-7 Pa 1 x10-7 Pa - 1 x10-10 Pa Menos de 1 x10-10 Pa 1 x10-4 Pa - 3 x10-15 Pa 0 Pa
1. Exprese una presin de 155 kPa (man) como presin absoluta. La presin atmosfrica local es de 98 kPa (abs).
Solucin: 253 kPa (abs).
2. Exprese una presin de 225 kPa (abs) como presin manomtrica. La presin atmosfrica local es de 101 kPa (abs).
Solucin: 124kPa (man)
3. Exprese una presin de 10.9 psia como presin manomtrica. La presin atmosfrica local es de 15.0 psia.
Solucin: -4.1 psig.
p = h
p = Cambio en la presin = Peso especfico del lquido. h = Cambio en la elevacin
3. La figura ilustra un tanque de aceite con un lado abierto a la atmsfera y otro sellado en el que hay aire sobre el aceite. El aceite tiene una gravedad especfica de 0.90. Calcula la presin manomtrica en los puntos A, B, C, D, E y F, y la presin del aire en el lado derecho del tanque.
Solucin: Punto A = 0 Pa. Punto B = 26.5 kPa Punto C = 53.0 kPa Punto D = 26.5 kPa Punto E = 0 kPa Punto F = -13.2 kPa
Manmetro de Presin
Manmetro Diferencial
Manmetro de Vacio
INITIAL START-UP OF FILTER 1. Be sure correct amount of filter sand media is in tank and that all connections have been made and are secure. IMPORTANT: To prevent unnecessary strain on piping system and valving, always shut off pump before switching Filter Control Valve positions. 2. Depress Vari-Flo control valve handle and rotate to BACKWASH* position. (To prevent damage to control valve seat, always depress handle before turning.) (For the Slide Valve, the Handle needs to be fully down and LOCKED by rotating clockwise.) 3. Prime and start pump according to pump instructions. (be sure all suction and return lines are open), allowing the filter tank to fill with water. WARNING All suction and discharge valves must be open when starting the system. Failure to do so could cause severe personal injury and/or property damage. 4. Once water flow is steady out the waste line, run the pump for at least 2 minutes. This initial backwashing of the filter is recommended to remove any impurities or fine sand particles in the sand media. 5. Turn pump off and set Slide valve to FILTER (Counterclockwise turn and full UP position) or Vari-Flo valve to RINSE position. Start pump and operate until water in sight glass is clearabout 1/2 to 1 minute. Turn pump off, set valve to FILTER position and restart pump. Your filter is now operating in the normal filter mode, filtering particles from the pool water. 6. Adjust pool suction and return valves to achieve desired flow. Check system and filter for water leaks and tighten connections, bolts, nuts, as required. 7. Note the initial pressure gauge reading when the filter is clean. (It will vary from pool to pool depending upon the pump and general piping system.) As the filter removes dirt and impurities from the pool water, the accumulation in the filter will cause the pressure to rise and flow to diminish. When the pressure gauge reading is 6-8 PSI (0.41-0.55 BAR) higher than the initial "clean" pressure you noted, it is time to backwash (clean) the filter (see BACKWASH under Filter Control Valve Functions). NOTE: During initial clean-up of the pool water it may be necessary to backwash frequently due to the unusually heavy initial dirt load in the water. To prevent damage to the pump and filter and for proper operation of the system, clean pump strainer and skimmer baskets regularly.
Presin Problemas
Para el manmetro de la figura calcule la presin en el punto A.
Presin
A este manmetro se le conoce como
Presin
A este manmetro se le conoce como
3.48 Para el tanque de la figura, calcule la profundidad del aceite si la profundidad del agua es de 2.80m y el medidor del fondo del tanque da una lectura de 52.3 kPa (manomtrica)
Solucin: h1 = 2.94 m
3.70 Para el manmetro tipo pozo de la figura, calcula la presin en A Solucin: Pa = 0.2455 psi
3.71 La figura muestra un manmetro tipo pozo inclinado, en el que la distancia L indica el movimiento en el nivel del fluido del instrumento conforme se aplica la presin en A. El fluido manomtrico tiene una gravedad especfica de 0.87 y L=115mm. Ignore el descenso del nivel del fluido ene l tubo y calcule Pa.