TYPES OF FLUID FLOWS

By: KAUSAR HUSSAIN

SE:- CIVIL ROLL:-64
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FLUIDS IN MOTION
Real flow vs. ideal flow
non-steady / steady state
compressible / incompressible
rotational / irrotational
viscous / frictionless

Types of fluid Flow
1. Real and Ideal Flow:
Friction = 0
Ideal Flow ( =0)
Energy loss =0
Friction = o
Real Flow ( 0)
Energy loss = 0
Ideal
Real
If the fluid is considered frictionless with zero viscosity it is called
ideal.
In real fluids the viscosity is considered and shear stresses occur
causing conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy
TYPES OF FLUID FLOW
Laminar flow
Each particle of the fluid follows
a smooth path
The paths of the different
particles never cross each
other
The path taken by the
particles is called a
streamline
Turbulent flow
An irregular flow characterized
by small whirlpool like regions
Turbulent flow occurs when
the particles go above some
critical speed
Onset of Turbulent Flow
The SeaWifS satellite
image of a von
Karman vortex
around Guadalupe
Island, August 20,
1999

LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW
In laminar flow, the fluid flows in layers parallel to each
other. No mixing.
In turbulent flow, the velocity is fluctuating with time and a
strong mixing occurs between fluid layers.
5. Laminar and Turbulent Flow:
In Laminar Flow:
Fluid flows in separate layers
No mass mixing between fluid layers
Friction mainly between fluid layers
Reynolds Number (RN ) < 2000
Vmax.= 2Vmean
In Turbulent Flow:
No separate layers
Continuous mass mixing
Friction mainly between fluid and pipe walls
Reynolds Number (RN ) > 4000
Vmax.= 1.2 Vmean
Vmean
Vmax
Vmax
Vmean
5. Laminar and Turbulent Flow (cont.):

Uniform Flow means that the
velocity is constant at certain time
in different positions (doesnt
depend on any dimension x or y or
z(
3. Uniform and Non uniform Flow
Non- uniform Flow means velocity
changes at certain time in different
positions ( depends on dimension
x or y or z(

Y Y
x x




0
0

x
V
x
V uniform
Non-uniform
Rotational and irrotational flows:

r

The rotation is the average value of rotation of two lines in

the flow.
(i) If this average = 0 then there is no rotation and the flow is
called irrotational flow
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4. One , Two and three Dimensional Flow
A flow field is best characterized by its velocity
distribution.
A flow is said to be one-, two-, or three-dimensional
if the flow velocity varies in one, two, or three
dimensions, respectively.
However, the variation of velocity in certain
directions can be small relative to the variation in
other directions and can be ignored.
The development of the velocity profile in a circular pipe. V = V(r, z) and thus the flow
is two-dimensional in the entrance region, and becomes one-dimensional
downstream when the velocity profile fully develops and remains unchanged in the
flow direction, V = V(r).





4. One , Two and three Dimensional Flow :
Two dimensional flow means that
the flow velocity is function
of two coordinates
V = f( X,Y or X,Z or Y,Z )
One dimensional flow means that
the flow velocity is function of one
coordinate
V = f( X or Y or Z )
Three dimensional flow means that
the flow velocity is function
of there coordinates
V = f( X,Y,Z)
x
y
1 DIMENSIONAL FLOW
Pipe flow:
Function of radial
position, r, only !
Duct flow:
Function of axial
distance, x, only !
Not very good assumption but many practical flows could be modeled as 1 D
flow
2 DIMENSIONAL FLOW
3 DIMENSIONAL FLOW
NEWTONIAN VS. NON-NEWTONIAN
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Newtonian fluids:
water, air.
Pseudoplastic fluids:
paint, printing ink.
Dilatant fluids: dense
slurries, wet cement.
Bingham fluids:
toothpaste, clay.
Casson fluids: blood,
yogurt.
Visco-elastic fluids:
polymers (not shown
in graph because
viscosity is not
isotropic).
Newtonian
(low )
Newtonian
(high )
Bingham-plastic

c

Casson fluid
Pseudo-plastic
(shear-thinning)
Dilatant (shear-thickening)
Strain rate (1/s)
(Pa)
FLOW CLASSIFICATIONS
Incompressible vs. compressible flow.
Incompressible flow: volume of a given fluid particle
does not change.
Implies that density is constant everywhere.
Essentially valid for all liquid flows.
Compressible flow: volume of a given fluid particle can
change with position.
Implies that density will vary throughout the flow field.
Compressible flows are further classified according to the
value of the Mach number (M), where.


M < 1 - Subsonic.
M > 1 - Supersonic.
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c
V
M
FLOW CLASSIFICATIONS
Single phase vs. multiphase flow.
Single phase flow: fluid flows without phase change
(either liquid or gas).
Multiphase flow: multiple phases are present in the flow
field (e.g. liquid-gas, liquid-solid, gas-solid).
Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous flow.
Homogeneous flow: only one fluid material exists in the
flow field.
Heterogeneous flow: multiple fluid/solid materials are
present in the flow field (multi-species flows).
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THE END


THANK YOU.
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