Introduction To Information and Computer Science

Introduction to Information and
Computer Science
Computer Programming
Lecture d
This material (Comp4_Unit5d) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health
and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number
IU24OC000015..
Learning Objectives
Define the purpose of programming languages. (Lecture
a)
Differentiate between the different types of programming
languages and list commonly used ones. (Lecture a)
Explain the compiling and interpreting process for
computer programs. (Lecture b)
Learn basic programming concepts including variable
declarations, assignment statements, expressions,
conditional statements and loops. (Lectures c, d)
Describe advanced programming concepts including
objects and modularity. (Lecture e)

2
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Lecture d
Control Structures
Control structures determine the execution of a
program
Conditional statements
if
case or switch
Repetitive statements loops
while
for
do while
3
Lecture d
If Statements in Java
If statements have a condition
When the condition is true, the body of the if
statement executes
Example:
if (weight < 0) //conditions
{ //body of if
System.out.println("Error!");
}

4
Lecture d
If Else Statements in Java
If statements
can include an
else clause
Else clause
executes when
condition is
false

if (weight < 0)
{
System.out.println("Error!");
}
else
{
System.out.println("No
error");
}

5
Lecture d
Nested If statements
If statements can
have multiple
conditions
When number is
less than zero
"Negative" and
"Done" are
printed to the
screen
if (number < 0)
{ System.out.println("Negative");
}
else if (number > 0)
{
System.out.println("Positive");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Zero");
}
System.out.println("Done")
6
Lecture d
Conditional Expressions
Use comparator operators
<, > (less than, greater than)
<=, >= (less than or equal to, greater than or equal to)
==, != (is equal to, is not equal to)
Use logical operators to combine comparisons
&& (AND): Both comparisons must be true
|| (OR): Either comparison must be true
! (NOT): Condition must be false
7
Lecture d
Code Example
Write an if statement that will output the category
for a calculated BMI (body mass index)

8
Lecture d
BMI Category
< 18.5 Underweight
18.5 - 24.9999 Normal
25.0 - 29.9999 Overweight
>= 30 Obese
5.1 Table: Example of more complex conditional expressions.
if (bmi < 18.5)
{
System.out.println("Underweight");
}
else if ((bmi >= 18.5) && (bmi < 25.0))
{
System.out.println("Normal weight");
}
else if ((bmi >= 25.0) && (bmi < 30.0))
{
System.out.println("Overweight");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Obese");
}
9
Lecture d
Loops in Java
Loops are sections of code that will continue to
repeat while a condition is true
While loop is simplest loop
Example
count = 5;
while (count >= 0) // while condition
{
System.out.println(count);
count = count - 1; //value changes
}
10
Lecture d
While Loop, contd.
Output from statement
5
4
3
2
1
0

11
Lecture d
For Loop
For loop is another type of loop
Used when the number of iterations is known
Heading sets loop control variable, compares it,
and updates it
Example
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
System.out.println(i);
}
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Lecture d
For Loop, contd.
Output from example
0
1
2
3
4
13
Lecture d
Exercise
Modify BMI program
Output BMI category
Calculate BMI more than once
14
Lecture d
Program Design
1. Read in weight (kg)
2. Read in height (m)
3. Calculate BMI
BMI = weight/(height * height)
4. Output BMI
5. Output BMI category
6. Prompt user if want to calculate another BMI
7. If yes, go back to step 1
8. If no, end

15
Lecture d
import java.util.*;
public class CalcBMI
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
double bmi, weight, height;
int anotherBMI;
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Welcome to the BMI calculator");
anotherBMI = 1;
while (anotherBMI == 1)
{
System.out.println("Enter weight in kg");
weight = keyboard.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Enter height in m");
height = keyboard.nextDouble();
bmi = weight/(height*height);
System.out.print("BMI is ");
System.out.println(bmi);
16
Lecture d

anotherBMI = 1;
while (anotherBMI == 1)
{
//input height, weight; calculate BMI
if (bmi < 18.5)
System.out.println("Underweight");
else if ((bmi >= 18.5) && (bmi < 25.0))
System.out.println("Normal weight");
else if ((bmi >= 25.0) && (bmi < 30.0))
System.out.println("Overweight");
else
System.out.println("Obese");
System.out.println("Do you want to calculate another?");
System.out.println("Enter 1 for yes and 0 for no");
anotherBMI = keyboard.nextInt();
}
System.out.println("Good Bye!");
}
}
17
Lecture d
Sample Output
Welcome to the BMI calculator
Enter weight in kg
68 (green)
Enter height in m
1.27 (green)
BMI is 42.16008432016864
Obese
Do you want to calculate another?
Enter 1 for yes and 0 for no
1 (green)
Enter weight in kg
55 (green)
Enter height in m
1.5 (green)
BMI is 24.444444444444443
Normal weight
Do you want to calculate another?
Enter 1 for yes and 0 for no
0 (green)
Good Bye!
18
Lecture d
Data Structures
Data structures are used for storing multiple
pieces of data together
Arrays are a simple data structure
Example
double[] grade = new double[10];
Array of 10 doubles for storing grades
grade[1] = 95.0;
Other data structures available
Linked lists, trees, hash tables
19
Lecture d
Modules
Way of separating code, usually by function
Allows for reuse
Easier to maintain
Procedures, functions, methods are all modules
Objects are as well
Example
public void printAreaCircle(double radius)
{
double area = 3.14*radius*radius;
System.out.println("Area is " + area);
}
20
Lecture d
Summary Lecture d

Control structures affect the order of execution
If statements allow for conditional execution
Loops allow for repeated execution
Data structures allow for data to be grouped
together
Modules are used to encapsulate code
21
Lecture d
References Lecture d
References
Eck, David. (2011) Introduction to Programming Using Java, Sixth Edition. [updated 2011 Jul 18; cited 2011 Nov
13]: Available from: http://math.hws.edu/javanotes/
Morley Deborah, Parker Charles S. (2010). Chapter 13: Program Development and Programming Languages. In:
Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow.12
th
ed. Boston: Course Technology.
Parsons JJ, Oja D. (2010). Chapter 12: Computer Programming. In: New Perspectives on Computer Concepts
2011: Comprehensive. 13th ed. Boston: Course Technology.
The Java Language: An Overview. [Webpage]. c 2007. [updated 2007 Dec 17; cited 21 March 2011]. Available
from: http://java.sun.com/docs/overviews/java/java-overview-1.html
Sierra Kathy, Bates Bert. (2009). Head First Java, Second Edition. OReilly Media.

Charts, Tables, Figures
5.1 Table: Example of more complex conditional expressions.

22
Lecture d

Introduction To Information and Computer Science

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