04 Random Access GC

1 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41214EN20GLA1
Random Access
LTE Radio Parameters RL20
1. LTE Functionalities and Overview
2. Channel Configuration
3. General parameter DB structure and System Information
Broadcast
4. Random Access
5. Radio Admission Control (RAC)
6. Radio Bearer Control & DRX /DTX Management
7. LTE Mobility Management
8. UL/DL Scheduler
9. MIMO Mode Control (MIMO-MC)
10.Power Control
Presentation / Author / Date
Contents
Module Contents

Overview
PRACH Configuration
RA Procedure
RA Power Ramping
Preamble Generation
Overview
Random access procedure is performed for the following events:
Initial access from RRC_IDLE
RRC Connection Re-establishment procedure
Handover
DL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure
UL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure
E.g. when UL synchronisation status is "non-synchronised" or
there are no PUCCH resources for SR available
It takes two distinct forms:
Contention based (applicable to all five events);
Non-contention based (applicable to only handover and DL data arrival)
Normal DL/UL transmission can take place after the random access procedure
In total there are 64 preambles per cell (pooled into 2 groups)
Preambles are grouped to indicate the length of the needed resource.
A number of preambles are reserved for contention-free access
Module Contents

Overview
PRACH Configuration
RA Procedure
RA Power Ramping
Preamble Generation
PRACH Types
Preamble CP
DL timing (eNB)
UE Tx
eNB Rx
1 ms
0.1 ms
GT
0.8 ms
PRACH configuration index ( see next slides)
parameter selects one of the 4 types
Example timing for type 0:
PRACH Types
PRACH types:
Type 0: 1 ms duration
Type 1: 2 ms
Type 2: 2 ms
Type 3: 3 ms

Format type 0 & type 1 supported
in RL20
Recommendation:
Select Format0 for cell
ranges <14.53 km
Select Format1 for cell
ranges <77.34 km

PRACH Configuration
Type, time and frequency resources are defined by:

.
*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.1-2
prachConfIndex
LNCEL; 3..24;1; 3
Range is restricted to two different
ranges: 3-8 and 19-24 (internal)
PRACH configuration index:
Recommendation:
Configure the same PRACH
configuration Indexes at cells
belonging to the same site. E.g.:
3 or 4 or 5 if RACH density=1
and 6 or 7or 8 if RACH
density=2 (Preamble Format 0)
RACH density see next slide
RACH Density
RACH Density indicates how many RACH resources are per 10ms frame.
Only RACH density values of 1 and 2 are supported in RL20.E.g.
RACH density=1 Only one random access attempt per frame
RACH density=2 Two random access attempts per frame

Based on the expected RACH procedures per second and the maximum
collision probability of the RACH preambles it is possible to estimate the
RACH density as follows:

100 *
100
1 ln * 64 * ) 1 (
) _ _ (
|
.
|
\
|

=
UE
coll
p
Load Rach ex
x
UE
coll
p = maximum collisiion probability [%]
Ex-RACH_Load = expected RACH Procedures per sec
0.5 x => RACH Density = 0.5
0.5 < x 1 => RACH Density = 1
1 < x 2 => RACH Density = 2
5 < x => RACH Density = 10

Recommendation: use PRACH density 1 for
start

Since PRACH performance measurement
counters are available (RL20) it will be possible to
evaluate the amount of PRACH / RACH
procedures in time and adapt /optimize the
settings

PRACH Frequency Offset
prachFreqOff
Indicates the first PRB available for PRACH in the UL frequency band
PRACH area (6 PRBs) should be next to PUCCH area either at upper or lower
border of frequency band to maximize the PUSCH area but not overlap with
PUCCH area
Parameter is configured based on the PUCCH region (see PUCCH dimensioning)
i.e. its value depends on how many PUCCH resources are available.
If PRACH area is placed at the lower border of UL frequency band then:

PRACH-Frequency Offset= roundup [PUCCH resources/2]

If PRACH area is placed at the upper border of the UL frequency band then:

PRACH-Frequency Offset= NRB -6- roundup [PUCCH resources/2]
NRB: Number of Resource Blocks
prachFreqOff
First PRB available for PRACH in UL
LNCEL; 0...94;1; -
Max. value is ulChBw(in PRB) - 6
Module Contents

Overview
PRACH Configuration
RA Procedure
RA Power Ramping
Preamble Generation
RA Procedure
Random access procedure handled by MAC and PHY Layer through PRACH (in
UL) and PDCCH ( in DL)
RACH only carries the preambles and occupies 6 resource blocks in a subframe
Process:
UEs selects randomly a preamble from the list of preambles broadcasted in the
BCCH
UE calculates OLPC parameters ( Initial Tx Power)
Checks contention parameters (i.e. max. number of retries)
UE transmits initial RACH and waits for a response before retry. Open loop PC
ensures that each retry will be at a higher power level.
Upon receipt of successful UL RACH preamble, eNB calculates power adjustment
and timing advance parameters together with an UL capacity grant ( so UE can
send more info )

DL
PUSCH: UE specific data
PRACH
response
UL
Preamble
Not detected
Preamble
Next
PRACH
resource
On the resources indicated by PDCCH
RA Procedure
(1) A preamble will be selected by UE and
transmitted in the available subframe. Based
on correlation the eNB may detect the access
and furthermore can measure the timing of
the UE transmission.
(2) The eNB answers using the same preamble
and at this point a timing advance will be
fixed. Information on the scheduled resource
will be exchanged and a temporary C-RNTI
will be assigned.
(3) The UE sends its id. The type of id depends
on the state. In case of idle state NAS info
has to be provided (IMSI, TMSI) else the C-
RNTI is used.
(4) The contention resolution is performed, i.e.
the eNB addresses the UE using the C-RNTI.
UE eNB
Random Access Preamble 1
Random Access Response 2
Scheduled Transmission 3
Contention Resolution 4
The contention based random access procedure follows these steps:
raRespWinSize
Window size for RA response (in TTI)
LNCEL; 2 (0), 3 (1), 4 (2), 5 (3), 6 (4),
7 (5), 8 (6), 10 (7); 10 TTIs (7)
raContResoT
Max. Time for cont. resol.
LNCEL; 8ms (0), 16ms (1), 24ms (2),
32ms (3), 40ms (4), 48ms (5), 56ms (6),
64ms (7); 32ms (3)
ulpcRarespTpc
TPC command indicated in message 2
related to message 3 power
LNCEL; -6...8dB;2dB; 0dB
RA Procedure
The contention free random access procedure
UE eNB
RA Preamble assignment 0
Random Access Preamble 1
Random Access Response 2
E.g. during handover a temporary valid preamble will be issued.
It is (temporarily) dedicated to this UE.
No contention resolution is needed as the preamble shall not be used by other UEs.
Module Contents

Overview
PRACH Configuration
RA Procedure
RA Power Ramping
Preamble Generation
RA Power Ramping
UE sets the initial transmission power of
RACH and send preamble signal

BCH information

Preamble (RACH)
PDCCH
Preamble (RACH)
Random access message
(UL-SCH)
Preamble (RACH)
P
PRACH
= min{ P
max
, PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + PATHLOSS}
prachPwrRamp
Power increment step
LNCEL; 0dB (0), 2dB (1), 4dB (2),
6dB (3); 2dB (1)
preambTxMax
Max. RA transmissions
LNCEL; 3 (0), 4 (1), 5 (2), 6 (3), 7 (4), 8 (5),
10 (6), 20 (7); 8 (5)
Values 50 (8), 100 (9), 200 (10) also defined
but should not be used
ulpcIniPrePwr
Initial received target power
LNCEL; -120 dBm (0), -118 dBm (1), -116 dBm (2), -114 dBm (3), -
112 dBm (4), -110 dBm (5), -108 dBm (6), -106 dBm (7), -104 dBm
(8), -102 dBm (9), -100 dBm (10), -98 dBm (11), -96 dBm (12), -94
dBm (13), -92 dBm (14), -90 dBm (15); -104 dBm (8)
Module Contents

Overview
PRACH Configuration
RA Procedure
RA Power Ramping
Preamble Generation
Preamble Generation
64 preambles made of Zadoff-Chu sequences with zero correlation zone:
given by the logical index RACH_ROOT_SEQUENCE
Zadoff Chu sequence u is given by
( ) 1 0 ,
ZC
) 1 (
ZC
s s =
+
N n e n x
N
n un
j
u
t
*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.2-4
rootSeqIndex
LNCEL;0837;1; 0
ZC sequence of length 839 (prime number) is used
838 different root sequences available. (PRACH Root
Sequence). Also different cyclic shifts can be used
depending on cell size
Sub-carrier spacing is 1.25 kHz
) mod ) (( ) (
ZC ,
N C n x n x
v u v u
+ =
Preamble Generation
First: take all available cyclic shifts of one root
Zadoff-Chu sequence:
If not enough: take next logical index and so on
CS ZC CS CS
CS
RA RA RA RA RA
start shift shift CS shift group shift
0,1,..., 1, 0 for unrestricted sets
0 0
for unrestricted sets
( mod ) for restricted sets 0,1,..., 1
v
vN v N N N
N C
d v n v n N v n n n
= =
(

= =

( + = +

Cyclic shift given by

Root Zadoff-Chu sequence order
for preamble formats 0 3.:
*3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.2-2
prachCS
Preamble cyclic shift (Ncs configuration)
LNCEL;015;1; 0
Restricted set (high speed) NOT in RL20
prachHSFlag
Unrestricted or restricted (high speed) set selection
LNCEL; false; false
Only unrestricted set could be selected in RL20
PRACH Cyclic Shift
PrachCS
PrachCS defines the configuration used for the preamble generation. i.e. how
many cyclic shifts are needed to generate the preamble
PrachCS depends on the cell size
Different cell ranges correspond to different PrachCS
Simplification: To assume all cells have same size (limited by the prachConfIndex)

Recommendation:
Select PrachCS based on the cell
range E.g. if estimated cell range is
15km then PrachCS: 12
If all cells in the network are assumed
to have same cell range them
PrachCS is the same network wise

prachCS
LNCEL;015;1; 0
PrachCS and rootSeqIndex
PrachCS defines the number of cyclic shifts
(in terms of number of samples) used to
generate multiple preamble sequences from
a single root sequence
Example based on PrachCS=12 -> number
of cyclic shifts: 119
Root sequence length is 839 so a cyclic shift
of 119 samples allows ROUNDDOWN
(839/119)= 7 cyclic shifts before making a
complete rotation (signatures per root
sequence)
64 preambles are transmitted in the PRACH
frame. If one root is not enough to generate
all 64 preambles then more root sequences
are necessary
To ensure having 64 preamble sequences
within the cell it is necessary to have
ROUNDUP (64/7)= 10 root sequences per
cell

rootSeqIndex
LNCEL;0837;1; 0
prachCS
LNCEL;015;1; 0
PRACH Cyclic Shift
rootSeqIndex
RootSeqIndex points to the first root
sequence to be used when generating
the set of 64 preamble sequences.
Each logical rootSeqIndex is
associated with a single physical root
sequence number.
In case more than one root sequence
is necessary the consecutive number
is selected until the full set is
generated

Logical root
sequence
number
Physical root sequence index (in increasing order of the
corresponding logical sequence number)
023 129, 710, 140, 699, 120, 719, 210, 629, 168, 671, 84, 755, 105, 734,
93, 746, 70, 769, 60, 779
2, 837, 1, 838
2429 56, 783, 112, 727, 148, 691
3035 80, 759, 42, 797, 40, 799
3641 35, 804, 73, 766, 146, 693
4251 31, 808, 28, 811, 30, 809, 27, 812, 29, 810
5263 24, 815, 48, 791, 68, 771, 74, 765, 178, 661, 136, 703
. ..
6475 86, 753, 78, 761, 43, 796, 39, 800, 20, 819, 21, 818
810815 309, 530, 265, 574, 233, 606
816819 367, 472, 296, 543
820837 336, 503, 305, 534, 373, 466, 280, 559, 279, 560, 419, 420, 240, 599,
258, 581, 229, 610
Extract from 3GPP TS 36.211 Table 5.7.2.-4 (
Preamble Formats 0-3). Mapping between logical
and physical root sequences.
Recommendation:
Use different rootSeqIndex across
neighbouring cells means to ensure
neighbour cells will use different
preamble sequences

rootSeqIndex
LNCEL;0837;1; 0
PRACH Planning
Wrap Up
Steps:
- Define the prachConfIndex
Depends on preamble format (cell range)
It should be the same for each cell of a site
- Define the prachFreqOff
Depends on the PUCCH region
It can be assumed to be the same for all cells of a network (simplification)
- Define the PrachCS
Depends on the cell range
If for simplicity same cell range is assumed for all network then prachCS is the
same for all cells
- Define the rootSeqIndex
It points to the first root sequence
It needs to be different for neighbour cells
rootSeqIndex separation between cells depends on how many are necessary
per cell (depends on PrachCS)

rootSeqIndex
LNCEL;0837;1; 0
prachCS
LNCEL;015;1; 0
prachFreqOff
First PRB available for PRACH in UL
LNCEL; 0...94;1; -
prachConfIndex
LNCEL; 3..24;1; 3
Range is restricted to two different
ranges: 3-8 and 19-24 (internal)
Preamble generation
-Exercise
Consider a cell of 37 km radius.
Provide a sensitive setting for the cell size dependent parameters

Preambles - Contention and Non-Contention
Non Contention
Based
Contention
Based
64 preambles
per cell
raNondedPreamb
Total number of non dedicated RA
preambles
LNCEL; 4 (0), 8 (1), 12 (2), 16 (3), 20
(4), 24 (5), 28 (6), 32 (7), 36 (8), 40
(9), 44 (10), 48 (11), 52 (12), 56 (13),
60 (14), 64 (15); 1 ; 40 (9)
Remaining are Non
Contention Based
Dedicated
preambles
Non-Dedicated
preambles
Type A and B Grouping of Preambles
The contention based Random Access preambles are grouped into:
Type A - for requesting a normal UL resource.
Type B - for requesting a larger resource due to Message Size AND Pathloss
(PL) criteria having been met.
raNondedPreamb
Contention Based
64 preambles
per cell
raPreGrASize
Random Access Preambles Group A
Size
LNCEL; 4 (0), 8 (1), 12 (2), 16 (3), 20
(4), 24 (5), 28 (6), 32 (7), 36 (8), 40
(9), 44 (10), 48 (11), 52 (12), 56 (13),
60 (14) ; 1 ; 32 (7)
raPreGrASize
Type A Preambles
Type B
Preambles
raNondedPreamb
raPreGrASize
Remaining
are Type B
?
?
Type B Criteria
The Type B Random Access preambles are used if:
The message size is greater than raSmallVolUl.

AND

the pathloss is less than:
P
CMAX
preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower - deltaPreambleMsg3 - messagePowerOffsetGroupB
Where:
P
CMAX
is the UE maximum output power.

raSmallVolUl
Small Size Random Access Data
Volume In Uplink
LNCEL; 56 bits (0), 144 bits (1), 208
bits (2), 256 bits (3) ;1 ; 144 bits (1)
deltaPreMsg3
Delta Preamble Random Access
Message 3
LNCEL; -1...6 ;1 ; 0
raMsgPoffGrB
RA Message Power Offset For Group B Selection
LNCEL; -infinity (0), 0 dB (1), 5 dB (2), 8 dB (3), 10 dB
(4), 12 dB (5), 15 dB (6), 18 dB (7) ;1 ; 10 dB (4)
ulpcIniPrePwr
Preamble Initial Received Target
Power
LNCEL; -120 dBm (0), -118 dBm (1), -
116 dBm (2), -114 dBm (3), -112 dBm
(4), -110 dBm (5), -108 dBm (6), -106
dBm (7), -104 dBm (8), -102 dBm (9),
-100 dBm (10), -98 dBm (11), -96 dBm
(12), -94 dBm (13), -92 dBm (14), -90
dBm (15);1 ; -104 dBm (8)
Feature LTE97 > Cell Range 77 km
No parameter enabling/disabling this feature at the moment.
For the PRACH configuration should be set as follows:
High speed flag should be set to: prachHsFlag = false (cannot be
changed in RL20)
PRACH configuration Index should be set in the range:
prachConfIndex = 19 . 24 i.e Preamble Format 1 must be used as
per 3GPP 36.211
PRACH Cyclic Shift should be set to: prachCS = 0 (otherwise 77 km
is not possible)
Therefore 64 root sequences are required so there have to be care
about the setting of rootSeqIndex compared to the neighbor cells.
It is rather good to set the aggregation level for the RACH signals as
high as possible therefore set
pdcchAggMsg4 = pdcchAggPreamb = pdcchAggRaresp = 8
Besides that the Preamble power settings should be made in
accordance to big propagation loss.
Feature LTE97 > Cell Range 77 km, cont.
Feature is defined by parameter settings
The parameter settings is however condition necessary to get
such cell range but not sufficient.
The feature can work under good propagation conditions only
like:
Propagation over water
Propagation over flat terrain
Base station suppose to be on very high tower or on the hill in
otherwise flat terrain.
Each such case should be analyzed by network planning tools, and /or
propagations measurement.

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Cyclic shift given by

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