TRAINING OF TRAINERS

GURU PEMANDU MGMP SMA

MAPEL BAHASA INGGRIS
Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan
(LPMP)
Jawa Tengah
Semarang, 21 22 Juni 2007
Let me introduce myself
Rudi Hartono, S.S., M.Pd.
Tasikmalaya,September 7, 1969
S-1 (English Linguistics-UNPAD
Bandung)
S-2 (English Education-UPI Bandung)
S3 (Linguistics: Translation Studies-
UNS/On going)
English Lecturer of UNNES Semarang
English Textbook Writer
One Wife and Two Children
Teaching & Traveling
E-mail:
rudi_fbsunnes@yahoo.com
PENDALAMAN MATERI
1. TEXT TYPES
a. Listening
b. Speaking
c. Reading
d. Writing
2. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
a. Listening
b. Speaking
c. Reading
d. Writing

TEXT TYPES
Grade X (Smt 1)
1. Recount
2. Narrative
3. Procedure
Grade XI (Smt 1)
1. Report
2. Narrative
3. Analytical Exposition
Grade XII (Smt 1)
1. Narrative
2. Explanation
3. Discussion

Grade X (Smt 2)
1. Narrative
2. Descriptive
3. News Item
Grade XI (Smt 2)
1. Narrative
2. Spoof
3. Hortatory Exposition
Grade XII (Smt 2)
1. Narrative
2. Review


Additional Lesson Materials
for Language Program
Grade XI (Smt 1)
1. Public Speaking:
Master of Ceremony
2. Show Presenter
(Host)
3. News Reader

Grade XII (Smt 1)
1. Public Speaking: Speech
2. Debate
3. Presentation
Grade XI (Smt 2)
1. English song
2. English Contemporary
poetry
3. Film
4. Contemporary Drama
5. Novel
6. Figurative Languages

Grade XII (Smt 2)
1. English song
2. Contemporary Poetry
3. Film
4. Contemporary Drama
Self introduction
Introducing others
Greetings
Invitation
Appointment
Expressing happiness
Sympathy
Giving instructions
Thanking
Appreciating
Congratulating
Surprising
Unbelieving
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
(Grade XI Semester 1)
Asking comments/opinions
Giving comments/opinions
Expressing satisfactions
Expressing dissatisfactions
Giving advice
Warning
Expressing relief, pain,
and pleasure
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
(Grade XI Semester 2)
Scolding
Expressing Annoyance
Expressing Anger
Asking for and Offering
Suggestions
Asking for and Offering
Recommendations
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
(Grade XII Semester 1)
Accusing
Regretting
Asking and Offering
a Promise
Asking and Expressing
Wants, Hopes
and Wishes
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
(Grade XII Semester 2)
Asking Plans
Asking Purposes
Predicting
Speculating
Criticizing
Persuading
Encouraging
Prohibiting

Short Functional Texts
Letters
Listeners letters
Invitation cards
Announcements
Advertisements
Manual instructions
Editorials
Schedules
Contents
Tourism information
BASIC COMPETENCE
LISTENING
Memahami wacana transactional dan wacana interpersonal ringan, dan
monolog lisan yang berkenaan dengan jenis teks.

SPEAKING
Mengungkapkan nuansa makna dalam wacana transactional dan wacana
interpersonal ringan, dan monolog lisan yang berkenaan dengan jenis
teks.

READING
Memahami nuansa makna dan langkah-langkah pengembangan retorika
di dalam teks tertulis berdasarkan jenis teks.

WRITING
Mengungkapkan nuansa makna dengan langkah-langkah pengembangan
retorika yang benar di dalam teks tertulis berdasarkan jenis teks.
Listening
Transactional Dialog (Recorded):

Andy : Ben, did you buy any ice cream?
Benny : No. I only bought some bread, milk, and an apple.
Andy : Oh, okay. Ill buy the ice cream then.

What did Benny buy?


A. C.





B. D.


Listening
Interpersonal Dialog (Recorded):
A: Hi, Ben. How are you?
B: Not bad. Thanks. And yourself?
A: Fine, thanks.
B: Good weather, isnt it?
A: Yes, better than last week.
B: I know. That was terrible, dont you think?
A: Indeed. I had never seen such heavy rain in my life.
B: Neither had I.
A: It was pouring!
B: It was, wasnt it?
A: The winds blew trees down. One of those trees fell on my neighbors car.
B: Thats too bad.
A: Yeah. Now if youll excuse me, Ive got a class to attend. See you.
B: See you. Bye.

This conversation is between:
a. Two close friends c. teacher and student
b. Two strangers d. news reader and listener
Listening
Monolog Report (Dictated/Recorded)
Snakes are reptiles. These cold-blooded creatures belong
to the same group as lizards. Snakes have no legs, but a
long time ago they had claws to help them slither along.
Snakes often sunbathe on rocks in the warm weather. This
is because snakes are cold-blooded and they need the
suns warmth to heat their body up. Most snakes live in the
country. Some types of snakes live in trees, some snakes
live in water, but most live on the ground in thick, long
grass and in old logs.

Snakes belong to the same group as
a. lizard
b. crabs
c. cold-blooded creatures
d. warm-blooded animals
Speaking
Factual questions:
Whats your first name?
What do you do in your spare time?
Do you like cooking?

Assigned dialog (in pairs)
You planned to play basketball last night, but no one could come because
of the heavy rain. Now make another plan to play basketball.

Interpersonal dialog

Monolog (describing a picture/photo, retelling a story)

Aspects of speaking test:
a. Grammar and vocabulary
b. Discourse management
c. Pronunciation
d. Interactive Communication
Reading
Reading Text
Snake are reptiles. These cold-blooded creatures belong to the same
group as lizards. Snakes have no legs, but a long time ago they had
claws to help them slither along. Snakes often sunbathe on rocks in
the warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded and they
need the suns warmth to heat their body up. Most snakes live in the
country. Some types of snakes live in tress, some snakes live in water,
but most live on the ground in thick, long grass and in old logs.

The genre of the text is
a. Description
b. Explanation
c. Report
d. Exposition
The first sentence functions as
a. Identification
b. General classification
c. Description
d. Introduction

Writing
Writing short transactional texts:
Sahabat pena Anda di London bermaksud
mengunjungi Anda dalam liburan mendatang. Beri
petunjuk bagaimana ia bisa sampai di kota Anda
dengan mudah.

Writing one of genres (e.g. recount):
Tadi malam listrik di daerah Anda padam. Tiba-tiba,
Anda mendengar orang menggedor pintu dan Anda
ketakutan. Anda tidak mau membuka pintu sampai
orang tersebut pergi. Ceriterakan ini kepada teman
Anda.
ENGLISH TEXT TYPES
Lesson Materials
(Theory and Practice)
Functions of Texts
Texts Functions
Spoof
To retell a humorous twist
Recount
To retell events for the purpose of
informing or entertaining
Report
To classify and describe the
phenomena of our world.
Analytical
Exposition
To persuade the reader or listener
that something is in the case
News Item
To inform readers, listeners or
viewers about events of the day
which are considered newsworthy
or important
Functions of Texts
Texts Functions
Anecdote
To share with others an account of an
unusual or amusing incident
Narrative
To amuse, entertain and to deal with
actual experience in different ways, I.e. to
gain and hold the readers interest in a
story.
Procedure
To describe how something is
accomplished through a sequence of
actions or steps
Description
To describe a particular person, place or
thing
Hortatory Exposition
To persuade the reader or listener that
something should or should not be the
case
Functions of Texts
Texts Functions
Explanation
To explain the processes involved
in the formation or workings of
natural or socio-cultural
phenomena
Discussion
To present (at least) two points of
view about an issue
Review
To critique an art work or event for
a public audience
Commentary
To explain the processes involved
in the formation (evolution) of a
socio-cultural phenomenon, as
though a natural phenomenon
Schematic Structure of
Recounts
Orientation
Event 1
Event 2
Event 3
Re-orientation
Linguistic Features of
Recount Text
Focus on specific participant
Use of material processes
Circumstances of time and place
Use of past tense
Focus on temporal sequences
Linguistic Features of
Spoof Text
Focus on individual participants
Use of action verbs
Temporal Circumstances
Spatial circumstances
Use of past tense
Schematic Structures of
Spoof Text
Orientation : sets the scene
Event(s) : tell what happened
Twist : provides the punch
line

Schematic Structure of Reports
General Classification: tells what
the phenomenon under discussion
is.
Description: tells what the
phenomenon under discussion is
like in terms of parts (and their
functions), qualities, habits or
behaviors, if living; uses, if non-
natural
Linguistic Features of
Report Text
Focus on Generic
Participants
Use Relational
Processes
Use of simple present
tense
No temporal
sequence
Schematic Structure of
Narrative Text
Orientation
Evaluation
Complication
Resolution
Re-orientation

Linguistic Features of
Narrative Text
Focus on specific and usually
individualized participants
Use of material processes
Use of relational processes
Use of temporal conjunction
Use of past tense
Schematic Structure of
Procedure
1) Goal
2) Materials
3) Step 1
4) Step 2
5) Step 3
6) Step 4
7) Step 5
Linguistic Features of
Procedure
Focus on generalized human
agents
Use of simple present tense, often
imperative
Use mainly of temporal
conjunction (or numbering to
indicate sequence
Use mainly of material processes
Schematic Structure of
Descriptive Text
Identification:
Identifies
phenomenon to be
described
Description:
describes parts,
qualities,
characteristics

Linguistic Features of
Descriptive Text
Focus on specific
participants
Use of attributive and
identifying processes
Frequent use of epithets and
classifiers in nominal groups
Use of simple present tense
Schematic Structure
of News Item
Newsworthy Event(s):
recounts the event in
summary form
Background Events:
elaborate what
happened, to whom, in
what circumstances
Sources: comments
by participants in,
witnesses to and
authorities expert on
the event.

Linguistic Features of a
News Item
Short, telegraphic information about
story captured in headline
Use of Material processes to retell
the event
Use of projecting verbal processes in
sources stage
Focus on circumstances
Schematic Structure of
Analytical Exposition
Thesis
Position: introduces topic
and indicates writers
position
Preview: outlines the main
Arguments
Point: restates main
argument outlined in
preview
Elaboration: develops and
supports each
point/argument
Reiteration: restates
writers position
Linguistic Features of a
Analytical Exposition
Focus on generic human and non-
human participants
Use of simple present tense
Use of relational processes
Use of internal conjunction to stage
argument
Reasoning through causal
conjunction or nominalization
Schematic Structure
of Hortatory Exposition
Thesis:
announcement of
issue of concern
Arguments: reasons
for concern, leading
to recommendation
Recommendation:
statement of what
ought or ought not to
happen

Linguistic Features of a
Hortatory Exposition
Focus on generic human and non- human
participants
Use of simple present tense
Use of mental processes: to state what writer
thinks or feels about issue e.g. realize, feel,
appreciate.
Use of material processes: to state what
happens e.g. drive, travel, spend, etc.
Use of relational processes: to state what is
or should be e.g. doesnt seem, is, are, etc.
Schematic Structure of
Explanation Text
A general
statement to
position the
reader
A sequenced
explanation of
why or how
something occurs
Linguistic Features of a
Explanation Text
Focus on generic, non-human participants
Use mainly of material and relational
processes
Use mainly of temporal and causal
circumstances and conjunctions
Use of simple present tense
Some use of passive voice to get theme right
Schematic Structure of
Discussion
Issue:
- Statement
- Preview
Arguments for and
against or statements
of differing points of
view:
- Point
- Elaboration
Conclusion or
recommendations
Linguistic Features of a
Discussion
Focus on generic human and generic non-
human participants
Use of mental processes: to state what
writer thinks or feels about issue e.g.
realize, feel, appreciate, etc.
Use of material processes: to state what
happens e.g. has produced, have
developed, to feed, etc.
Use of relational processes: to state what
is or should be e.g. is, could have, cause,
are.
Schematic Structure of
Reviews
1) Orientation
2) Interpretative
recount
3) Evaluation
4) Evaluative
summation
Linguistic Features of an
Review Text
Focus on particular participants (on
movies, TV shows, plays, operas,
recordings, exhibitions, concerts and
ballets
Direct expression of opinions through
use of attitudinal lexis
Use of elaborating and extending
clause and group complexes to
package information
Use metaphorical language

Dear Dewi,
On Saturday I went to Mount
Bromo. I stayed at Nisa and
Achmads house at Cemara
Lawang, Probolinggo. It has a
big garden with lots of colourful
flowers and a fishpond.
On Sunday Nisa and I saw
Gunung Batok and went on the
scenic ride on horseback. It
was scary. Then we went to get
a closer look at the mountain.
We took pictures of the
beautiful sceneries there.
On Monday we went to the Zoo
at Wonokromo. We saw
cockatoos having a shower. In
the afternoon I went home.
It was fun.
Love,
Dini


Event 1

Event 2

Reorientation

Orientation

Specific
participant
Material
Process
Circumstance
of time
Temporal
sequence
Circumstance
of place
Past Tense
RECOUNT TEXT
Linguistic
Features
Schematic
Structure
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named
Snow White, She lived with her Aunt and Uncle
because her parents were died.
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking
about leaving Snow White in the castle because they
both wanted to go to America and they didnt have
enough money to take Snow White.
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt
to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran
away. The next morning she ran away from home
when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast.
She ran away into the woods.
She was very tired and hungry.
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked
but no one answered so she went inside and fell
asleep.
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming
home from work. They went inside. There they
found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke
up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, What is
your name? Snow White said, My name is Snow
White.
Doc said, If you wish, you may live here with
us. Snow White said, Oh could I? Thank you.
Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story
and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever
after.
Orientation

Major
Complication

Resolution

Complication

Resolution

Complication

Major
Resolution

Past Tense
Specific
participant
Mental process
Relational
process
Material
process
Temporal
Conjunction
Specific
participant
Temporal
Conjunction
Temporal
Circumstance
Schematic
Structure
Linguistic
Features
Language Functions
Lesson Materials
(Theory and Practice)
FORMS OF DIALOG
Transactional dialog
Interpersonal dialog
TRANSACTIONAL DIALOG
Andy : Ben, did you buy any ice cream?
Benny : No. I only bought some bread, milk,
and an apple.
Andy : Oh, okay. Ill buy the ice cream
then.
Interpersonal Dialog
A: Hi, Ben. How are you?
B: Not bad. Thanks. And yourself?
A: Fine, thanks.
B: Good weather, isnt it?
A: Yes, better than last week.
B: I know. That was terrible, dont you think?
A: Indeed. I had never seen such heavy rain in my life.
B: Neither had I.
A: It was pouring!
B: It was, isnt it?
A: The winds blew trees down. One of those trees fell on my neighbors
car.
B: Thats too bad.
A: Yeah. Now if youll excuse me, Ive got a class to attend. See you.
B: See you. Bye.

Greetings
Dialog 1:
Anny : Hi, Dave.
David : Hello, Ann.
Anny : How are you today?
David : Fine thanks. How is everything?
Anny : Good, thanks

Dialog 2:
Masduki : Good morning, Mr. Hartono?
Mr. Hartono : Good morning.
Masduki : How are you this morning?
Mr. Hartono : Just fine, thank you.
Introducing people
Fred : Tom, this is my brother, Ronald.
Tom : Hello.
Ronald : Nice to meet you.
Tom : Nice meeting you, too.
Dini : Excuse me, are you Helen Smith?
Helen : Thats right.
Bill : Excuse me, are you Frederick?
Hilmi : No, I am not. Im Nur Hilmi.
Inviting Someone
Toni : Jaka, are you free on Sunday morning?
Jaka : Yes, Toni. I have nothing to do.
Toto : I was wondering if youd like to come to a
forum meeting to celebrate the Earth Day.
Jaka : Sounds great.
Toto : And after the meeting we are going to
save our earth.
Jaka : What do you mean, Toto?
Toto : Just picking up the rubbish, cleaning the
wastes and other litters.
Jaka : Thats a very useful thing to do.
Thats OK.
Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
Fera : Morning, Tuti
Tuti : Morning, Fera.
Fera : Hows everything today?
Tuti : Its okay, but .
Fera : What the matter, Tuti. Are you not satisfied with reading that story?
Tuti : Yeah. Im a little dissatisfied with this story. The story makes me
sleepy.
Fera : Do you have any complaints?
Wati : I dont like the story. It is a lousy story.
Fera : What are you complaining about?
Wati : Im a bit disappointed with the main character of the story.
The story is also a sad ending story.
Fera : Oh, I see.
But dont worry, Wati. Be happy please. Its just a story.
You can read other stories that can make you happy.
Wati : Yes, thats good idea. Thanks for your suggestion, Fera.
Fera : Youre welcome. By the way, I must go now, Wati
See you tomorrow at school.
Wati : See you.
Asking and Giving Comments
Rudi : Jimmy, have you heard about our schools plan to ban the cellular phones
in the school?
Jimmy : Yeah
Rudi : What do you think about it?
Jimmy : Well, I think thats fair enough. I agree with banning it.
Rudi : Why do you think so?
Jimmy : You see, cellular phone has caused so much trouble in our class.
Remember yesterdays English class? Our teacher got very angry because he was
interrupted by cellular phones ringing many times. This may happen again and
again.
Rudi : Oh, thats terrible.
Jimmy : Another thing is cellular phone has caused bad effects,
Students send SMS only for dating and gossiping their friends.
They often keep forbidden photos.
Rudi : What do you mean?
Jimmy : You know some of them see the pornography on the cellular phone display
downloaded from internet.
Rudi : Oh, thats too bad.
Jimmy : So, its a good idea if the school doesnt allow students to use their hand phone in
the school.
Rudi : Your comments have been very helpful.
Jimmy : Thanks.
Predicting and Speculating
Andi : Hi, Susi.
Susi : Hello, Andi.
Andi : Susi, do you feel that the wind blows fast.
Susi : Yes, I do. And its too cold today.
Andi : I was predicted that a big storm will come.
Susi : How do you know that?
Andi : I heard the forecast from the radio. The scientist predicted that the
weather would turn next month.
Susi : What does it mean?
Andi : The following month our country would be in the bad weather.
Susi : Really? Or it is just a speculation, Andi.
Andi : I do not know exactly. It is not a speculation I think, because they
did a research how to predict the weather. And it is not a
speculation because all give logic reasons.
Susi : But I dont believe it.
Andi : Yes, it depends on. By the way, I must go now. Bye, Susi.
Susi : Bye, Andi, See you later.