GSM Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
Huawei Confidential
Security Level:
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FrutigerNext LT Medium
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BSS OVERVIEW

7th -Mar-2014
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
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GSM OVERVIEW
Page 2
Global system for mobile communication (GSM).
The GSM network is divided into three major systems:
Switching System (SS): MSC,HLR,VLR,EIR & AUC,GMSC.
Base station system (BSS): BSC , BTS & MS.
Operation and support system (OSS):OMC
BSC Hardware Structure.

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Switching System:
The switching system (SS) is responsible for performing call processing and subscriber-related functions. The
switching system includes the following functional units.
Home location register (HLR) The HLR is a database used for storage and management of subscriptions. The
HLR is considered the most important database, as it stores permanent data about subscribers, including a
subscriber's service profile, location information, and activity status. When an individual buys a subscription
from one of the PCS operators, he or she is registered in the HLR of that operator.
Mobile services switching center (MSC) The MSC performs the telephony switching functions of the system. It
controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems. It also performs such functions as toll ticketing,
network interfacing, common channel signaling, and others.
Visitor location register (VLR) The VLR is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers
that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. The VLR is always integrated with the MSC.
When a mobile station roams into a new MSC area, the VLR connected to that MSC will request data about the
mobile station from the HLR. Later, if the mobile station makes a call, the VLR will have the information needed
for call setup without having to interrogate the HLR each time.
Authentication center (AUC) A unit called the AUC provides authentication and encryption parameters that
verify the user's identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call. The AUC protects network operators from
different types of fraud found in today's cellular world.
Equipment identity register (EIR) The EIR is a database that contains information about the identity of mobile
equipment that prevents calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobile stations. The AUC and EIR are
implemented as stand-alone nodes or as a combined AUC/EIR node.

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Base Station System (BSS) & OSS

All radio-related functions are performed in the BSS, which consists of base station controllers (BSCs)
and the base transceiver stations (BTSs).
BSC The BSC provides all the control functions and physical links between the MSC and BTS. It is a
high-capacity switch that provides functions such as handover, cell configuration data, and control of
radio frequency (RF) power levels in base transceiver stations. A number of BSCs are served by an
MSC.
BTS The BTS handles the radio interface to the mobile station. The BTS is the radio equipment
(transceivers and antennas) needed to service each cell in the network. A group of BTSs are controlled
by a BSC.
The Operation and Support System:
The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching system
and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system (OSS). The
OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors and controls the system. The
purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local
operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network. An important function of
OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation
and maintenance organizations.

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
Huawei Confidential
Security Level:
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2009/06
BSC6900 Hardware
Structure
TSD Wireless Product Service Department-
GBSS
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Page 12
BSC6900 Capacity Index
BSC6900 GSM only
Item 1MPS+1TCS 1MPS+1EPS+2TCS 1MPS+2EPS+2TCS
Number of
cabinets
2 2 2
BHCA(K) 1750 3500 5250
Traffic volume
Erl
6500 13000 19500
Number of TRXs 1024 2048 3072
Number of active
PDCHsMCS-9
4096 8192 12288
Typical configuration specifications of the BSC6900 GSM(BM/TC
separated and Abis over non-IP R11 board)
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Page 13
BSC6900 Hardware-Cabinet
The BSC6900 uses the Huawei N68E-22 cabinet and the Huawei
N68-21-N cabinet.
The two models of cabinets have the same appearance.N68E-22 is
divided into a single-door cabinet or a double-door cabinet.
Item Specification
Height of the
available space
46U
Weight
Empty cabinet100 kg
Cabinet in full
configuration300 kg

Input voltage
range
-40 V to -57 V
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Page 14
BSC6900 Hardware--Cabinet
The BSC6900 GSM cabinet is classified
into main processing rack (MPR),
extended processing rack (EPR), and
transcoder rack (TCR).
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Page 15
BSC6900 Hardware--Subrack
The BSC6900 GSM subrack has a standard width of 19 inches. The
height of each subrack is 12 U. The boards are installed on the front
and rear sides of the backplane, which is positioned in the center of
the subrack.
A subrack provides 28 slots. The slots on the front of the subrack are
numbered from 0 to 13, and those on the rear are numbered from 14
to 27.

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Page 16
Typical
Configuration
Parameter Description
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Typical
Configuration
Parameter Description
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Page 18
BoardTNUa
Port Function
Matching
connector
TDM05
TDM high-speed serial port, used to connect
the TNUaS between subracks
DB14
GTNU
PARC
RUN
ALM
ACT
T
N
M
5
T
N
M
4
T
N
M
0
T
N
M
1
T
N
M
2
T
N
M
3
The TNUa is the TDM switching unit in the BSC6900.
The active and standby TNUa are inserted in slot 4 and slot 5.
The TNUa board performs the TDM switching function, which
is the TDM switching center of the system.
The TNUa has the following functions:
Providing 128 K 128 K TDM switching
Allocating TDM network resources, establishing, and releasing
radio links
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Page 19
BoardSCUa
Port Function Matching
EHT09 10M/100M/1000M Ethernet ports, used to connect subracks RJ45
EHT1011
10M/100M/1000M Ethernet ports, used to connect GBAM (Only the
main subrack is connected with the GBAM)
RJ45
COM Debugging port RJ45
CLKIN
Clock source port, used to receive the 8 kHz clock signals from the
panel of the GGCU
RJ45
TESTOUT Clock test signal port, used to output clock test signals SMB connector
The SCUa is the switching control unit in the BSC6900.
The active and standby SCUa are inserted in slot 6 and 7.
The SCUa board provides maintenance management of the
subrack and GE switching platform for the subrack.
The SCUa has the following functions:
Performing maintenance management of the subrack
Providing a GE platform for the subrack
Providing clock information for the other boards in the same
subrack except the GCUa
SCUa
PARC
RUN
ALM
ACT
C
O
M
TESTOUT
C
L
K
IN
ACT
LINK
1
0
/1
0
0
/1
0
0
0
B
A
S
E
-T
RESET
ACT
LINK
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
11
10
ACT
LINK
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Page 20
Service Processing Subsystem
Hardware Involved
XPUa/b board, SPUa/b board, DPUa/b/c/d/e board
Board Specification
XPU/SPU is the signaling processing unit
SPU board can process GSM/UMTS signaling panel, XPU board can process
GSM signaling panel
SPU board Works for BSC6900 GU mode
XPU board Works for BSC6900 GSM only mode
The postfix of a board contain 4 logic subsystem, and the postfix of b board
contain 8 logic subsystem
Services Process Unit DPUa/b/c/d/e

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Page 21
Board Introduction-XPU/SPU
Loaded with different software, the XPUa board is functionally
divided into main control XPUa board and non-main control
XPUa board.
XPUa
PARC
RUN
ALM
ACT
1
0
/ 1
0
0
/ 1
0
0
0
B
A
S
E
- T
ACT
LINK
0
1
2
3
The 0 subsystem of main control XPU/SPU
board is MPU, used to manage the user panel
and signaling plane resources within the
subrack and process the signaling.
The subsystem of non-main control XPU/SPU
board is CPU, used to process the signaling.
For GSM Only mode, one MPU for the system
is enough. If the system upgrade to GU mode,
one MPU should for one subrack.
Main control
XPUa
Non-Main
control XPUa
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Page 22
Board IntroductionDPUc
Function
DPUc process CS services and perform the voice coding and
decoding function. It works as subrack system pool mode.
Provides the speech format conversion and data forwarding
functions when configured in BM subrack.
Provides the Tandem Free Operation (TFO) function
Provides the voice enhancement function
Detects voice faults automatically
DPUd board works for GSM services.
DPUa
PARC
RUN
ALM
ACT
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Page 23
Board introductionDPUd
Function
The DPUd is the Data Processing Unit for PS services. It can be
installed in slots 811 in MPS and 8-27 in EPSit processes the
packet services for the BSC.
Each DPUd supports 1024 activated PDCHs at the same time,
and all the PDCHs support MSC-9 coding.
Packet links processing function.
PS fault self-detection.
DPUd board works for GSM services.
DPUa
PARC
RUN
ALM
ACT
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Page 24
Subsystems Five: Interface Board System
Board
Type
Physical
Board
Board specification Scene
EIUa Transmits, receives, encodes, and decodes 32 E1s/T1s. GSM Only
OIUa Provides one STM-1 port for TDM transmission GSM OnlyGU
Old
Boards
FG2a Provides eight channels over FE ports or two channels over
GE electrical ports
GSM OnlyGU
GOUa Provides two channels over GE optical ports GSM OnlyGU
PEUa Provides 32 channels of E1s/T1s for HDLC transmission
Extracts line clock signals
GSM OnlyGU
Multi-
kernel
Boards
FG2c Provides 12 channels over FE ports or four channels over
GE electrical ports
GSM OnlyGU
GOUc Provides four channels over GE optical ports GSM OnlyGU
POUc
Provides four channels over channelized optical STM-1/OC-
3 ports based on IP protocol
GSM OnlyGU
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Page 25
Co-Transmission for the Interface Board
Physical
Board
Function Interface Board Sharing
Iub Iu(Iur/IuCS/Iu
PS)
Abis A Ater Gb
FG2a IP Iub/Iu Co-Interface board Abis/A Co-Interface board Gb Separated
GOUa IP Iub/Iu Co-Interface board Abis/A Co-Interace board Gb Separated
AOUc ATM Iub/Iu Co-Interface board
UOIc ATM Iub/Iu Co-Interface board
IP Iub/Iu/Abis/A(Ater)
POUc TDM+ HDLC Abis/A(Ater)/Gb(Pb) Co-Interface board
IP Iub/Iu/Abis/A(Ater) Co-Interface board
FG2c IP Iub/Iu/Abis/A(Ater)/Gb(Pb) Co-Interface board
GOUc IP Iub/Iu/Abis/A(Ater)/Gb(Pb) Co-Interface board
EIUa Abis TDM
Ater TDM
Pb TDM
A TDM
OIUa Abis TDM
Ater TDM
Pb TDM
A TDM
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Page 26
Board Introdction-FG2c
The FG2c board supports IP over Ethernet transmission.
The FG2c board performs the following functions:
Provides 12 channels over FE ports or four channels over GE
electrical ports
Provides the link aggregation function at the MAC layer
Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing
Supports the transmission of data over all its Ethernet ports on the
basis of the synchronized clock signals
Supports the AbisAGbIuIub interfaces

Port Function Connector type
10/100BASE-T 10M/100M Ethernet ports, used to transmit 10/100M
signals
RJ45
10/100/1000BASE-T 10M/100M/1000M Ethernet ports, used to transmit
10/100/1000M signals
RJ45
2M02M1 Port for 2 MHz clock signal outputs male connector
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Page 27
Board Introduction-GOUc
As an optical interface board, the GOUc board supports IP
over Ethernet transmission.
The GOUc board performs the following functions:
Provides four channels over GE optical ports
Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing
Supports the Abis, A, and Gb,Iu, Iub interfaces

Port Function Connector
Type
RX Optical port, used to transmit and receive optical signals. TX
refers to the transmitting optical port, and RX refers to the
receiving optical port.
LC/PC
TX
2M02M1 Port for 2 MHz clock signal outputs SMB male
connector
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Page 28
Board Introduction-POUc
As an interface board, the POUc board supports IP over
channelized STM-1/OC-3 transmission.
The POUc board performs the following functions:
Provides four channels over channelized optical STM-1/OC-3 ports based
on IP protocol
Supports the PPP function
Provides the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) function between the
active and standby POUc boards
Supports the A, Abis, Gb, Ater,Pb, Iu, Iub interfaces
RX Optical port, used to transmit and receive optical signals. TX refers to the
transmitting optical port, and RX refers to the receiving optical port.
LC/PC
TX
2M0
2M1
Output ports for clock signals. These ports are used to transmit the 2 MHz line
clock signals to the GCUa/GCGa board. The clock signals are extracted from
upper-level devices and serve as the clock sources of the BSC6900 system.
SMB male
connector
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Page 29
Subsystems Four: Clock Subsystem
Clock Source
Bits clock
Line clock
GPS
Reference Clock for the MPS or EPS
The reference clocks are provided by the GCUa. The reference clocks generate
8kHz clock signals through the GCUa.
MPS: The clock signals are sent to the SCUa in the MPSa subrack through the
backplane. Then, the clock signals are sent to other boards in the same subrack.
EPS: The clock signals are sent to the SCUa board in the EPSa subrack through
the clock cable. Then, the signals are sent to other boards through the backplane.
Reference Clock for the TCS
Each TCS extracts line clock from the A interface. The line clock is processed
through A interface panel and then generates 8 KHz clock signals.
The clock signals are sent to the SCUa in the subrack through the backplane. Then
the clock signals are sent to other boards in the same subrack.
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Page 30
BoardGCUa
GGCU
PARC
RUN
ALM
ACT
8
9
COM0
COM1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
C
L
K
O
U
T

T
E
S
T
I
N

T
E
S
T
O
U
T

C
L
K
L
I
N
1

C
L
K
L
I
N
0

The GCUa is the general clock unit in the BSC6900. The active and
standby GCUa are configured in slots 12 and 13 in the MPS. The
GGCU board provides synchronous timing signals for the system
The GCUa has the following functions:
Generating and keeping synchronous clock signals
Keeping the consistency of synchronization information output from the active
and standby GCUa
ATN-IN Reserved SMA male connector
CLKOUT0~9
Ports for transmitting synchronization clock signals. The ten
ports are used to transmit the 8 kHz clock signals to the
CLKIN port on the panel of the SCUa board.
RJ45
COM0,COM1 Reserved RJ45
TESTOUT Reserved SMB male connector
TESTIN Input port for testing external clock signals SMB male connector
CLKIN0-1
Synchronization clock input port, used to receive the 2.048
MHz clock signals or 2.048 Mbit/s code stream signals
SMB male connector
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Page 31
Board Introduction OMU
The OMUa board works as a bridge for the communication
between the WebLMT and the other boards in the BSC6900.
Function
Performing the configuration management, performance
management, fault management, security management, and loading
management functions for the system
To control the communication between the LMT/M2000 and the SCUa
board of the BSC6900
(1) Captive screw (2) Shielding finger (3) Ejector lever (4) LED (RUN)
(5) LED (ALM) (6) LED (ACT) (7) Button (RESET) (8) Button
(SHUTDOWN)
(9) USB port (10) Ethernet port (ETH0) (11) Ethernet port (ETH1) (12) Ethernet port
(ETH2)
(13) COM port (14) VGA port (15) LED (HD) (16) LED(OFFLINE)
(17) Hard disk (18) Screw for fixing the hard disk
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Page 32
Clock Synchronization Interconnection
The connection of the GCUa of the main
subrack and the extension subrack is
shown:
The active and standby GCUa output 10-way
signal channel respectively. A signal channel of
an active GCUa and that of a standby GCUa
are integrated through the Y-shaped cable.
Any of component including GCUa, Y-shaped
cable, and SCUa is faulty, the system clock
still can work normally.
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: Arial

:18-20pt
(2-5):18pt
:
:

13
.

Page 33
Signaling Flow on the Gb Interface
Gb Over IP
the signaling processing board
processes the signaling according to the
NS and BSSGP protocols. Then, the
signaling is transmitted to the Gb
interface board through the SCUa board.
The Gb interface board processes the
signaling according to the IP or FR
protocol. Then, the signaling is
transmitted to the SGSN over the Gb
interface.
:32-35pt
: R153 G0 B0
:
: Arial

:30-32pt
: R153 G0 B0
:

:20-22pt
(2-5) :18pt
:
:
: Arial

:18-20pt
(2-5):18pt
:
:

13
.

Page 34
OM Signal Flow
:32-35pt
: R153 G0 B0
:
: Arial

:30-32pt
: R153 G0 B0
:

:20-22pt
(2-5) :18pt
:
:
: Arial

:18-20pt
(2-5):18pt
:
:

13
.

Page 35
Specification of the Board
XPUa/XPUb
350TRX/XPUa 640TRX/XPUb
No. of XPUa=TRX No./350TRX No. of XPUb=TRX No./640TRX
For GSM only system, we can be configured just one main control XPU,
which configured as RGCP
The control panel optimized for BSC6900, XPUa/XPUb can congfigured in
different subrack with Transcode board and interface board averagely.
:32-35pt
: R153 G0 B0
:
: Arial

:30-32pt
: R153 G0 B0
:

:20-22pt
(2-5) :18pt
:
:
: Arial

:18-20pt
(2-5):18pt
:
:

13
.

Page 36
Thank You
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