INTRODUCTION

Control system is a system by means of any

quantity of interest in a machine, mechanism, process
or equipment is maintained or altered in accordance
with desired manner. To control means to regulate, to
direct or to command.


AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM

A control system is in general a combination of
element or subsystem which tends to maintained
a quantity or set of quantities termed output
suitable related to another quantity or set of
quantities termed as input.





Input variable Controlled System Output variable
Actuating signal Controlled signal


ADVANTAGES

Enhances the quality of the product.
Quantitative increase in production.
Improvement in uniformity of product.
Economy in processing material.
I. Automobile, refrigeration & air conditioning.

II. Transportation system such as railway, air planes etc.

III. Power machine like machine tool, compressor, pump etc.

IV. Process industries such as petroleum, chemical, steel, power to
control, temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.


APPLICATIONS

Classification of Control System

Control system classified into two types as below

Open Loop Control System.
Closed Loop Control System.

Open loop control system
Any physical system which does not automatically correct for variation in its
output is called open loop system. The general block diagram of open loop
system is shown below,

Input Controller Process Output
Simple in construction.
Very convenient when output is difficult to measure.
Easy for maintenance.
Economical due to simple in design.

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Does not sense environmental changes.
Does not sense internal disturbance.
To maintain quality and accuracy , recalibration of controller required.


Closed Loop Control System


Any physical which automatically corrects for variation in its output
is called closed loop control system.
Command ref. signal
Input
Error
Reference
transducer
Controller Process to be
controlled
becont
Feedback
Element

Feedback path



Forward path

High accuracy as controller modifies and manipulates the
signal till error is zero.
It sense environmental changes.
It also sense internal disturbance.
Bandwidth or operating range of system us high.

ADVANTAGES

Complicated and time consuming from design point of view.
System are costlier than open loop system.
Due to feed back, system tries to correct the error time to time,
hence may be problem of stability
DISADVANTAGES

Comparison of Open Loop & Closed
Loop Control System:

Open Loop Control System Closed Control System
1. Any physical system which does not
automatically correct for variation in
output.
1. Any physical system which
automatically corrects variation in
output.
2. More stable.
1. Less stable.
3. Feedback is absent.
1. Feedback is present.
4. Dependent operating condition.
1. Independent of operating
conditions.
5. Less accurate.
1. More accurate.
6. Response is low.
1. Response is faster.
7.Easier to build. 1. Difficult to build.
8. Flexible. 1. Non flexible.
9. Cheaper. 1. Costlier.
10. Ex. Traffic control, automatic
toaster.
1. Ex. Human being, voltage
stabilizer.
-:Conclusion:-

-: References :-

1.Nirali Publication, Pune by Mr. N. S. Salunke

2.Tech-max Publication, Pune by Mr. S. L. Gavhale