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GIROTH, TADENA, MARISTELLA

What is presentation of
data?
A way of putting results of experiments
into graphs, carts and tables. It is a
visual way to look at the acquired data,
see what happened and make
interpretations
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How to make data presentation
efficient and interesting?
Most readers and listeners are interested in
your interpretation of the data and not the
raw data itself. Stay focused on
presentation of concepts and
interpretations as opposed to the raw data
itself.
Do not overwhelm your poster or slides
with excessive text. A simple rule would be
to not use more than three major text
bullets on a slide. Remember - a picture is
worth a thousand words!

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How to make data presentation
efficient and interesting?
Provide a brief description of your
research framework (e.g.
experiment/survey design), followed by
data analysis. Use figures and graphs to
show results of data analysis, rather
than tables with raw numbers.

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How to make data presentation
efficient and interesting?
Choose the right type of plotting method (e.g.
lines/bars/pie). For example, pie charts are best
for displaying percentages of different categories
in a dataset whereas line graphs are best when
the data on the x-axis represent magnitude of the
same entity/variable. When the data points are
across different conditions, the points cannot be
connected to form lines. In such cases, bar graphs
should be used. In all cases, don't forget to label
axes!
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How to make data presentation
efficient and interesting?
Provide your interpretation of the results
and interweave past work based on your
literature review. Your ability to carefully
interpret the data will determine the quality
of your research work. Provide bulleted
conclusions.
It is important to close the loop by restating
the question(s) answered by your research
as well stating those which remain
unanswered. You may want to propose
follow-up work under the title of "Future
Work."
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End of Textile Quota
Is China Going to be the Big
Bad Wolf?
A December, 2004 New York Times
article presented detailed information
about textile quotas
The same information is presented in
two different ways: tabular format and
pie chart format
Which one is better?
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Textile Quotas
Tabular Form
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Textile Quotas Pie Chart
Format
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Textile Quotas Pie Chart
Format (Contd)
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Tabular Format vs. Pie
Charts
Tabular Format
Tabular format is better if there are many categories
Pie charts
Better than tabular format when the number of
components is small and the relative sizes of those
components are different
Information is lost when there is a collapse of the
number of categories
Not useful when there are numerous components
and the relative sizes of components are not very
different
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Understanding the Audience
From which organizational levels do
audience members come?
How busy are these individuals likely to
be?
How familiar are they with the project?
What aspects of the project are they
most likely to be interested in?
Do they have the background and
training to easily understand technical
complexities and terminology related to
the project?
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Graphical Illustrations
Pie Charts
Line Charts
Stratum Charts
Bar Charts
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Table 16.1 Market Shares of
Six Toothpaste Brands
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Exhibit 16.1 Pie Charts of
Market Shares in 1996 and
2005
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Exhibit 16.2 Line Chart of
Market Shares from 1996 and
2005
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Exhibit 16.3 Stratum Chart of
Market Shares from 1996 to
2005
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Exhibit 16.4 Bar Charts of
Market Shares in 1996 and
2005
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Exhibit 16.5 Bar Charts of
Market Shares from 1996 to
2005
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Graphical Representation of
One-Way
and Two-Way Tabulations
Charts can be used to pictorially
summarize information contained in one-
way and two-way tabulations
Most widely used procedures to analyze
survey data in practical research
projects

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The Roper Organization
A leading marketing research company
conducted a personal-interview survey
of American youth
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The Roper Organization
One Way Tabulation of Responses
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G
F
E
D
C
B
A
1 8 16 76
The kidnapping of
children and teenagers
2 25 26 47
The possibility that you
may someday fight in a
war
3 25 33 39
The increasing number of
divorces among parents
3 10 20 65
The spread of the disease
called AIDS
3 12 20 65
The possibility of war
3 20 25 52
The us of drugs by
professional athletes
2 13 38 47
Pollution of our air water
Dont Know Not Really
Concerned
Sort of
Concerned
Very
Concerned
The Roper Organization
Responses in a Bar Chart
Format
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NATIONAL COCNERNS
I
n
c
r
e
a
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i
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d
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P
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s
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Not really concerned
Sort of concerned
Very concerned
The Roper Organization
Responses in a Bar Chart
Format (Contd)
The bar chart, where in each bar is a pictorial
summary of one national concern, quickly and
efficiently communicates the findings to the reader
Notice that the issues are ordered differently in the
bar chart than in the questionnaire
The ordering of the issues on the bar chart (from
those of most to least concern) enhances the
charts effectiveness

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Table 16.2 Two Way Tabulation
Age vs. Extent of Consumption
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Exhibit 16.6 Bar Chart of Age
Vs.
Extent of Consumption
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The Chart clearly shows a strong association
between age and extent of consumption
Pie Charts
Use to emphasize the relationship of the
parts to the whole
Select a single pie or double pie
Consider options such as drop shadow
for dimensional effect, pulled-out slices,
etc.
Arrange the slices to make your point
most effectively
Divide the slice into a series it will
improve effectiveness
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Line Graphs and Area
Graphs
Use to display trends or continuous data
Decide whether line graph or area graph
shows
Select baseline and scale for maximum
effectiveness
Use callouts to identify key points in
graph
Divide extensive data into a series of
graphs
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Example: Thesis writing in
sciences
Writing the Results:
Think of the story you want to tell. Choose and
present only those results that are relevant to your
hypothesis
Results are often presented in numerical form and
indeed are more reader-friendly if presented
graphically in tables and graphs than in written
text. The writer must aim for ACCURACY,
INCLUSIVENESS, and SYSTEMATICITY, as
these results are the primary and permanent
source of scientific knowledge.

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What to include?
results that answer the research question (most
important)
data you can use to outline important trends
results that you intend to address in the
discussion section
results of statistical analyses, often in conjunction
with measurements analyzed
results related to those obtained by other
researchers, especially if they disconfirm other
results, or are controversial
negative results also

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What to avoid
failing to integrate the graphic results
into the text
interpreting the results rather than just
reporting them. Just present and report
the observations and measurements,
factually and informatively, without
discussion.

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example
To characterize the functional architecture and dynamics of local
networks in A1, we performed in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in
anesthetized, freely breathing mice (Fig. 1). We loaded cells in the
auditory cortex with a mixture of Fluo-4 a.m. and SR101 using the
multicell bolus loading technique
14
. Fluo-4 stained neurons,
astrocytes and neuropil in a spherical volume with a diameter of
~250 m. SR101 selectively stained astrocytes and diffused more
readily throughout A1. Loading was optimal ~40 min post injection,
at which time hundreds of neurons could be detected at depths of
up to 450 m, corresponding to cortical layers 2/3 (Fig.
1a, Supplementary Movie 1 and Supplementary Fig. 1).
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Example: form of picture
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Another example
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Refer to
http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewc
ontent.cgi?article=2088&context=theses
Page 62 to 65.
(will be shown in pdf presentation form)
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End: any question?

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