PHRASE, CLAUSE & SENTENCE

PHRASE & CLAUSE

PHRASE
Combination of 2 words or more that doesnt
have any subject or verb
Ex: beautiful house, green leaf, blue sky, sky blue

CLAUSE
Combination of 2 words or more consisting of at
least 1 subject and 1 verb
Ex: I study hard
She gives me a good news

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Clause that can stand alone
Ex: I bought a new car yesterday

DEPENDENT CLAUSE
Clause that cant stand alone. It usually starts
with conjunction or coordinator
Ex: When somebody calls me
Although she gave me a lot of money

CLAUSE
SENTENCE
Sentence is a group of words that expresses a
complete thought. It must have 1 subject and 1
Verb

4 types of sentence
1. Simple sentence
2. Compound sentence
3. Complex sentence
4. Compound complex sentence


SIMPLE SENTENCE
It has 4 patterns
1. I speak in English (SV)
2. I and my father speak in English (SSV)
3. I speak and write in English (SVV)
4. I and my father speak and write in
English (SSVV)

Compound sentence is a combination of 2 or
more independent clauses by using semicolons,
coordinators, and conjunctions

1. Using semicolon



COMPOUND SENTENCE
Independent Clause + Semicolon (;) +
Independent Clause
2. Using coordinator




Ex: My family goes camping every summer, and
we usually have fun

Coordinators include For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet,
So (FANBOYS)
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Independent Clause + Comma (,) +
Coordinator + Independent Clause
COMPOUND SENTENCE
2. Using conjunction




Ex: The students must take final exam; otherwise,
they will not pass the course
Independent Clause + Semicolon (;) +
Conjunction + Comma (,) + Independent
Clause
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Coordinators Conjunctions
And Besides, Moreover,
Furthermore, Also
But, Yet However, Nevertheless,
Nonetheless
Or Otherwise
So Therefore, Thus, Hence,
Consequently
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Complex sentence is a combination of at least 1
independent clause and 1 dependent clause by using
adverbial conjunctions (While, When, Although, If, So
that, Because)

Ex: I was studying when my friend came
When my friend came, I was studying
Independent Clause + Adverbial conjunction +
Dependent Clause
Adverbial conjunction + Dependent Clause +
Comma (,) + Independent Clause
COMPOUND - COMPLEX
SENTENCE
Compound - Complex sentence is a combination
of at least 1 compound and 1 complex sentence

Ex: I wanted to travel abroad after I graduated
from college, but I had no money
After graduated from college, I wanted to
travel abroad, but I had no money
I wanted to travel abroad after I graduated
from college; however, I had no money