Acoustics can be defined as the study of the physical characteristics of sound.
Acoustic term can be used to describe the study of sound in general but the subject of room acoustics is concerned with the control of sound within an enclosed space.
lighting can be defined as equipment that produces light in a home, workplace, theater and etc. Basically source of lighting in building have to way, it is by natural and artificial
ACOUSTIC CRITERIA OF GOOD ACOUSTIC Adequate level sound. Even distribution to all listener. Background noise and external noise reduced to acceptable levels. Adequate loudness in every part of the auditorium, especially in remote seats. The sound energy should be uniformly distributed within the room. Optimum reverberation characteristics should be provided in the auditorium to facilitate whatever function is required. Free from acoustical defects (distinct echoes, flutter echoes, picket fence echo, sound shadowing, room resonance, sound concentrations and excessive reverberation). Background noise and vibration should be sufficiently excluded in order not to interfere in any way with the function of the enclosure.
THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD ACOUSTIC ARE AS FOLLOWING: ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION REFLECTION Sound is reflect in the same way as light, provided that the reflecting object is larger than the wavelength of the sound concerned. The angle of reflection equal the angle of incidence of the wave.
FIGURE 1.0: REFLCETION OF SOUNDWAVE ABSORPTION Absorption is a reduction of sound in the sound energy reflected from a surface.
ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION FIGURE 1.1: ABSORBING MATERIAL FOR REDUCTION SOUND REVERBERATION Reverberation is the collection of reflected sounds from the surfaces in an enclosure like an room.
ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION FIGURE 1.3: REVERBERATION OF SOUND REVERBERATION (CONTD)
HOW TO CONTROL SOUND REVERBERATION
Total room absorption and ensuring it is adequately provided. Reducing room volume. Panel absorbers and bass traps may have to be considered. Sound-absorbing materials should be placed on those surfaces most likely to produce acoustic defects.
ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATION ELIMINATION OF DEFECTS FOLLOWING ARE THE WAYS TO ELIMINATE SOUNDS:
CASE STUDY PUSAT ISLAM UITM SHAH ALAM Interview with : En. Mohd Ku Shahrom Bin Kamis ( Assistant Director of the Architect ) Pn. Zaidatul Azni Binti Salleh ( Assistant Director of Civil Engineers) Mohd Dzul Hatta Bin Abdul Kamal ( Technician at Pusat Islam)
Address : Pejabat Pengurusan Fasiliti Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan Helpdesk: 603 5544 4444 Fax: 603 5521 1788
PUSAT ISLAM CASE STUDY PUSAT ISLAM UITM SHAH ALAM HALL LAYOUT STAGE POSITION The stage position placed on the front at the middle corner. The purpose of this design is firstly to make sure the audience can give an attention on the presenter. Second, to make sure the sound can distribute to all audiences and audiences can get what the presenter try to give. Third, the presenter can see all the audiences in the hall.
PICTURE 1.0: STAGE CHAIR POSITION The arrangement of chair was place each row. the arrangement of chair should be place alternating from front chair. The purpose to make sure all the audiences can see the stage without and obstacle. It also relate with how sound can flow to the audiences. The chair will be place higher than front chair. Based on Mr. Dzul, this arrangement to make sure the audiences get fully view.
HALL LAYOUT (CONTD) PICTURE 1.1: CHAIR ARRANGEMENT LIGHTING POSITION The lamp will be place on the ceiling and put parallel with chair. Total of square down light is 8 lamp and halogen light is 32 lamp. The lamp can be control to dimmer and for suitable event. The lamps design also to make installation and maintenance faster and easier.
HALL LAYOUT (CONTD) PICTURE 1.2: LIGHTING POSITION PROJECTOR POSITION Only one 6500 lumen projector that can be lowered down when it is time to be used, and will be hide in the ceiling when not in use. The position of projector place under ceiling and parallel on the first row chair. Projector also in front on the stage. The projector used because easy presenter to present. The projector was put the middle because easy the audience to see.
HALL LAYOUT (CONTD) PICTURE 1.3: PROJECTOR POSITION POSITION OF SPEAKER There are four speakers in the hall which the speaker placed at the edges of the hall. From the specific calculation of engineering, four speaker can support sound to the entire of hall.
HALL LAYOUT (CONTD) PICTURE 1.4: POSITION OF SPEAKER CONTROL ROOM control room was located at the back side of the hall. A control room is a room serving as an operations center was a facility or service can be monitored and controlled. Control room was built there because its easy to control the reflection of sound and visual from the far side.
HALL LAYOUT (CONTD) PICTURE 1.5: CONTROL ROOM CEILING This hall used the suspended ceiling with sound proof to reflect the sound from the sound source to be a clear tone to the audience. This ceiling mounted with the airspace behind to absorb the echoes sound and make the sound clearly to the listener. The ceiling used the fiber board.
MATERIAL PICTURE 1.6: PLASTER CEILING WALL The wall consist three layers. First layer is timber ply, second is root wool (insulation wool) and the last layer is fabric padded. Fabric padded installed from the top of the wall until at the bottom but not touched with the floor. It designed at the areas that the sound wave application is very high where sound reduction is of particular importance. (can control the noise).
MATERIAL (CONTD) PICTURE 1.7: ABSORBING WALL CHAIR/SEAT CUSHION All seats in the hall are made by cushion. The seats are cushioned which are designed to help absorb sound. It can provide the acoustical performance to the hall where sound can easily absorbed by the seats cushion to reduce echoes by sound frequency
MATERIAL (CONTD) PICTURE 1.8: CUSHION MATERIAL (CONTD) FLOOR/CARPET Carpet is placed on almost overall surfaces of the hall floor. It will give the contemporary looks on the hall. Significantly reduces impact noise by soundproofing footfalls. Acoustic carpet underlay is designed as a replacement acoustic underlay for carpets to give a superior reduction in impact noise through floors into rooms below.
PICTURE 1.9: CARPET ACOUSTIC REFLECTION Sound travel outwards from their source with diminishing intensity until all the energy has been dissipated in the ever widening wave front or loss as heat in the air itself. By contrast, sound waves in a theater hall are repeatedly turned back on themselves and bounced in cress-cross pattern throughout the enclosure space. The audience therefore hears not only the direct sound but also a mixture of later and weaker sounds.
SOUND REFLECTION ON THE SURFACE ABSORPTION The sound will be absorbs by the elements that installed in that hall such as carpet, ceiling, wall and seats.
LIGHTING Dewan Muktamar only uses Artificial lighting. The reason why Dewan Muktamar use this type of lighting is because the purpose of Dewan Muktamar only for speech, seminar, lecture and event, so it not necessary to have lighting system like in theater. This type of lighting will be installed at top or on the ceiling in the purpose of give enough light to the audience. At the stage also Dewan Muktamar also only use architectural lighting as the purpose to the presenter read the text. At the stage also it is dont have any necessary to have lighting system as theater.
TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL LIGTHING USED SQUARE DOWN LIGHT This type of light will be installed on the ceilings, which mean it will be placed under ground floor of ceiling. In Dewan Muktamar 1 & 2 they used 150mmx150mm square down light.
TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL LIGTHING USED (CONTD) HALOGEN LIGHT C/W POWDER Also known as a tungsten halogen lamp .Halogen lamp will be placed on the ceiling. The product basically by OSRAM because it can dim the light suit to the events. MAINTENANCE FLOOR MAINTENANCE For the floor maintenance, the carpet will be clean once a month. The cleaning work is done using a cleaning machine to brush the carpet for beautification, and for removal of stains, dirt, grit, and sand.
AUDIO VISUAL AND LIGHTING For the audio visual and lighting maintenance, they make a regular checking to know the status of the equipment whether it is good in condition or not. Repairing works will be conduct for any damaged equipment.
MAINTENANCE CONCLUSION Acoustic consideration may do not need in ordinary room, but in room like auditorium, hall and theatre it need to be consider. Sound will be main important role in room such as hall to make sure all audience can hear clearly.
Based on report of case study, we identify the need of acoustic consideration in hall and auditorium is very important. The construction parties must noticed the need of which level of sound required, how much sound tools need at the room. With the new technologies that appear in this century, the efficiency of hall and auditorium performance can be achieves without any doubt.
Therefore, with the new device and technology, the quality or performance of acoustic even lighting can be improve. Its not only prepared the equipment or material, but maintenance also need to be consider. Frequently maintenance and inspection will help in providing a good acoustic and lighting in auditorium, hall, even theatre.