HAWTHORNE

STUDIES :
George Elton Mayo

by; 1)Raina
2)Han
3)Nurul
4)Rufina


Born in Adelaide,South Australia in 1880.

His wife Henrietta Mary Nee Donaldson.

Died in surrey in 1949.

Draftsman and later Civil Engineer.

Background on Elton Mayo
EDUCATION OF ELTON MAYO
Elton Mayo study psychologist,sociologist,and
organization theorist.
He lecturing at University of Queensland from 1911 to
1923.
He spent most of is career at Harvard Business School.
Mayo known as the founder of the Human Relations
movement
known for his research the Hawthorne studies and his
book The Human Problems of an Industrialized
Civilization (1993).




HISTORY OF THE HAWTHORNE STUDIES
Background : Mayo wanted to find out what
effect fatigue and monotony had on job
productivity and how to contol them through
variables such as :
**Rest break
**work hours
**Temperature


SUMMARY OF MAYO BELIEFS
Individual workers cannot be treated in isolation, but
must be seen as members of a group.
Monetary incentives and good working conditions are
less important to the individual than the need to belong
to a group.
Informal or unofficial groups formed at work have a
strong influence on the behavior of those workers in a
group.
Managers must be aware of these 'social needs' and
cater for them to ensure that employees collaborate with
the official organization rather than work against it.
Mayo's simple instructions to industrial interviewers set
a template and remain influential to this day:

THEORY
4 Experiment used:
Illumination Study

Relay-Assembly Test Room Study

The Interviewing Program and Bank-Wiring
Observation Room Study

being carried out.




Six woman from an assemby .

Segregated them from the rest of the factory.

Put them under the eye of a supervisior.

Made frequent changes to their working condition

Always discussed and explained the changes in
advance.
RELAY-ASSEMBLY TEST ROOM STUDY
THE CONTENGENCY THEORY
The is no single approach to organizational structure
that will suit all organizational at any point time.

Criticisms
Mayo's contributions to management theory were criticized
by celebrated sociologist Daniel Bell. Writing in 1947, Bell
criticized Mayo and other industrial sociologists for
"adjusting men to machines," rather than enlarging human
capacity or human freedom. More recently, in 2003, James
Hoopes criticized Mayo for
"substituting therapy for democracy."


contributions to our understanding of workplace dynamics, the
Hawthorne studies also pioneered advances in methodology.

discovery of the Hawthorne Effect is another contribution of this
work.

The most significant contribution of the Hawthorne studies was to
break the boundaries of scientific management and pioneer a
new paradigm in management research.



contribution
CONCLUSION

people can understand more clearly that the workplace
is not just a place to earn money, but a complex social
system which affects their satisfaction and productivity.


THANK YOU