The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses. For details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
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OPEN BITE 1 / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses. For details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses. For details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
www.indiandentalacademy.com OPEN BITE Malocclusions can occur in three planes i,e. sagittal, transverse and in the vertical plane. Open bite is a malocclusion in the vertical plane, characterized by lack of vertical overlap between the maxillary and mandibular dentition. It may be an anterior or a posterior open bite. www.indiandentalacademy.com Classification OPEN BITE ANTERIOR POSTERIOR SKELETAL DENTAL SKELETAL DENTAL www.indiandentalacademy.com Anterior open bite Is a condition where there is no vertical overlap between the upper and lower incisors.
Posterior open bite Is a condition characterized by lack of contact Between the posteriors when the teeth are in centric occlusion. www.indiandentalacademy.com
The etiology is multifactorial. No single factor can account for most open bites. Can occur due to a variety of hereditary and non-hereditary factors. Epigenetic and environmental factors both are of concern. Etiologic considerations www.indiandentalacademy.com 1. Prolonged Thumb-sucking. 2. Tongue thrusting. 3. Nasopharyngeal airway obstruction and associated mouth breathing. 4. Inherited factors such as increased tongue size, and abnormal skeletal growth pattern of the maxilla and mandible. Some of the etiologic factors responsible for anterior open bite : www.indiandentalacademy.com Posterior open bites are very rare. The etiologic factors responsible for posterior open bite : 1. Mechanical interferences with the tooth eruption, either before or after the tooth emerges from the alveolar bone. 2. Failure of the eruptive mechanism of the tooth so that the expected amount of eruption does not occur. www.indiandentalacademy.com In cases of open bites due to thumb or finger sucking habit , the open bite is usually assymetrically shaped. In cases of open bites caused by the positioning of the tongue between the incisal edges of the mandibular incisors and the lingual surfaces of the maxillary incisors symmetrical. www.indiandentalacademy.com An open bite can be encountered in all distinguishable types of jaw relations and occlusal conditions. It is frequently associated with a class II/1 malocclusion. The size of the open bite may vary considerably and may range from a few millimeters to more than one centimeter. www.indiandentalacademy.com Increased lower anterior facial height. Decreased upper anterior facial height. Increased anterior and decreased posterior facial height. A steep mandibular plane angle. Small mandibular body and ramus. Features of skeletal anterior open bite : www.indiandentalacademy.com The patient may have a short upper lip with excessive maxillary incisor exposure. The patient often has a long and narrow face. Divergent cephalometric planes. Steep anterior cranial base. Downward and forward rotation of mandible. www.indiandentalacademy.com Proclined upper anterior teeth. Upper and lower anteriors fail to fail to overlap resulting in a space. Patient may have a narrow maxillary arch due to lowered tongue posture due to a habit. Features of dental anterior open bite : www.indiandentalacademy.com Esthetic Considerations The dentoalveolar open-bite is esthetically unattractive, particularly during speech when the tongue is pressed between the teeth and the lips. In evaluating the esthetics following relationships are of special interest : a) Balance between nose, lips, and chin profile. b) Nasolabial angle. c) Configuration of the lips. d) Length of the lower third of the face.
www.indiandentalacademy.com Functional considerations Tongue posture and function should be primary consideration. Differentiation between primary causal and secondary adaptive or compensatory dysfunction is essential. Functional analysis also must bassess the magnitude of force ( i,e simple pressing versus strong protractive action). Cephalometric analysis can localise the nature of open bite Skeletal/Dental. www.indiandentalacademy.com According to Bahr and Holt, four varieties of tongue thrust activity may be differentiated: 1) Tongue thrust without deformation. 2) Tongue thrust causing anterior deformation A Simple Open Bite (Termed by MOYERS 1964) 3) Tongue thrust causing buccal segment deformation.(Posterior open bite often seen) 4) Combined tongue thrust, causing both anterior and posterior open bite A Complex Open Bite (Termed by MOYERS ) www.indiandentalacademy.com Clinical Considerations Depending on the severity of the malocclusion, various forms of anterior open bites may be observed: Pseudo-open bite. Simple open bite. Complex open bite. Compound or infantile open bite. Iatrogenic open bite. www.indiandentalacademy.com Cephalometric Criteria A proper cephalometric analysis enables a classification of open-bite malocclusions. Extent of dentoalveolar open bite depends upon a) The extent of the eruption of the teeth. b) The Growth pattern.
www.indiandentalacademy.com Skeletal open bite shows: a) Excessive anterior face height.(Lower third) b) Posterior face height is short.(Ramus height) c) Mandibular base is usually narrow. d) Symphysis is narrow and long and the ramus is short. e) Gonial angle particularly the lower section will be large.
www.indiandentalacademy.com Depending on the inclination of the maxillary base, or Palatal plane, the following variations may be observed: A vertical growth pattern with upward tipping of the forward end of the maxillary base. A vertical growth pattern with downward tipping of the anterior end of the maxillary base. A horizontal growth direction with an open bite caused by upward and forward tipping of the maxillary base.
www.indiandentalacademy.com Therapeutic Considerations Therapy depends on the localization and the etiology of the malocclusion. Habit control and the elimination of the abnormal perioral muscle function are therapeutic approaches in the treatment of dentoalveolar open-bite problems. In skeletal open-bite problems a redirection of growth is possible during the active growth period. Later, only compensatory therapy with extraction and tooth movement or orthognathic surgery is possible. www.indiandentalacademy.com In addition, a combined skeletodental type exist that requires a combined therapeutic approach. Proper time to institute the treatment depends on the etiology of the malocclusion. www.indiandentalacademy.com Treatment Anterior open bite Posterior open bite Removal of cause Removable or fixed type habit breaking appliance. Myofunctional appliances
Skeletal anterior open bite F.R.IV or a modified activator Fixed Orthodontic therapy Surgical correction
Removal of cause Lateral tongue spikes for lateral tongue thrust. If due to infra occlusion of ankylosed teeth, it is best treated by crowns.
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