PSYCHOLOGY 10 E

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7
Learning and
Conditioning
PSYCHOLOGY 10 E

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7
Learning and the mind
7.16 - How you can learn something
without any obvious reinforcement

7.17 - How we often learn not by
doing but by watching
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7
Latent learning
Rats received
one maze trial
per day.

Learning isnt
the same as
performance.

PSYCHOLOGY 10 E

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Social learning
Social-cognitive theories emphasize how behavior is
learned and maintained.
Through observation and imitation of others
Positive consequences
Cognitive processes such as plans, expectations, and beliefs

Observational learning involves learning new
responses by observing the behavior of another
rather than through direct experience.
PSYCHOLOGY 10 E

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Banduras Bobo doll study
In studies by Albert Bandura and his colleagues,
children watched films of an adult kicking,
punching, and hammering on a big rubber doll.

Later, the children imitated the adults behavior,
some of them almost exactly.
PSYCHOLOGY 10 E

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Media violence
Since Bandura, hundreds of other experimental studies have
corroborated the findings.

Meta-analysis shows that greater exposure to violence is
related to more aggressive behavior when controlled for
social class, intelligence, and other factors.

Other researchers are less concerned because they believe
that media violence does not cause most viewers to become
aggressive.

Aggressive individuals may be drawn to violent programming.

PSYCHOLOGY 10 E

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Social-cognitive view and
aggression
Other factors intervene in the
relationship between what we see,
what we learn, and how we respond.
Perceptions
Interpretations
Personality dispositions

PSYCHOLOGY 10 E

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Which is correct?
Violent video games cause most players to become
aggressive.

A. True
B. False

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What have you learned?
Susie is a four-year-old child. One day she watches her mother
vacuum the living room. Her mother comments to Susie,
Doesnt the living room look nice now that Ive cleaned it?
The next day, her mother finds Susie vacuuming the living
room with her toy vacuum.

A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Insight
D. Observational learning

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What have you learned?
Until she was eight, Barbara liked cats. When she was eight,
she was bitten through the hand by a cat as she tried to get it
out from under a bed. This was an upsetting experience. Since
that time, Barbara experiences anxiety whenever she is near a
cat.

A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Insight
D. Observational learning

PSYCHOLOGY 10 E

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What have you learned?
Allison, age four, needs to learn to speak up louder in class.
Her parents and teacher agree that whenever Alison speaks up
loudly in class, she will get a star on her chart. Whenever she
accumulates 25 stars, she will get to go to Baskin-Robbins for
ice cream. Alison starts speaking up in class more frequently.

A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Insight
D. Observational learning