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ISDN
2
ISDN
Fax
(group 4)
Network
Terminal
Basic Rate
access
Passive
bus
Terminal
adapter
Primary Rate
access
2B+D 30B+D
PSTN
PSPDN
N - ISDN
NT2
PBX
TA
NT1
WHY ISDN ?
What is ISDN ?
I : Integrated S : Services
D: Digital N : Network

ISDN is a High speed , Fully digital , Telephone service ,
Noise immune , Easily controllable and configurable
because of digital nature

All at the COST of a bit more MONEY

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Transmission Structure
The transmission structure of any access link
will be constructed from the following types of
channels:
B Channel:
Used to carry data
64 Kbps

D Channel:
16 or 64 Kbps ..bandwidth depends on number of
data channels
It carries common-channel signaling information to
control
circuit-switched calls
May be used for packet-switching



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ISDN Flavors
Basic Rate Access
consists of two full-
duplex 64Kbps B
Channels and a full-
duplex 16 Kbps D
channel.
The total bit rate is
144 kbps.
Framing
synchronization, and
other overhead bits
bring the total bit rate
on a basic access link
to 192 Kbps.
It is called 2B + 1 D
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ISDN Flavors
Primary Rate Access
is intended for users
with greater capacity
The U.S., Canada, and
Japan makes use of a
transmission structure
based on 1.544 Kbps
In Europe, 2.048 Mbps
is the standard rate
It is called
30 B + 1 D + 1 S
or 23 B + 1 D
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ISDN Configurations
Functional groupings
Reference points
TE2
(non-ISDN
terminal
equipment)
TE2
(ISDN terminal
equipment)
TA
(terminal
adapter)
NT2
(customer premises
switching
equipment)
NT1
(subscriber
line
terminator)
S
T U
R
S
5
4
3
2
1
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N - ISDN
Fax
(group 4)
Network
Terminal
Basic Rate
access
Passive
bus
Terminal
adapter
Primary Rate
access
2B+D 30B+D
PSTN
PSPDN
N - ISDN
NT PBX
TA
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ISDN
Summary
An internationally standardized end-to-end
digital network controlled by out-of-channel
signaling
Different flavors in terms of bandwidth available
such as BRA/BRI , PRA/PRI and so on
End to end digital in nature

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PBX

Private Branch
Exchange (PBX)
Popular choice for
large businesses
Enables switching of in-
house calls
Much less expensive
than connecting an
external line to every
telephone
Provides centralized
support such as voice
mail
Highly reliable but they
are big, expensive, and
difficult to configure
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Numbering and Routing in PABX

Telephone directory:

Company Ltd., address ..........7320000

Direct numbers:
Mktg. Manager ..................7321565
Service Manager ..................7321456

Companys directory :
Service Manager ................... 1456
Mktg. Manager ................... 1565
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Centrex
CENTRal Office EXchange Service
Popular choice for small-to-medium sized
businesses because it provides the features of a
PBX without having to buy one
Service offered by the telephone company where
most of the equipment resides
Special circuit called Station Message Detail
Interface (SMDI) links the local exchange to the
Centrex customer
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References
Data communications and networking :
Forouzan
Telecomm switching, traffic and networks : J.E.
Flood
Introduction to telecommunications : Anu
Gokhale
http://www.privateline.com
http://www.iec.org
http://www.ericsson.com/about/telecom
SPC Digital telephone exchanges : Redmill

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Just the beginning...