EUTROPHICATION..

GROUP MEMBERS:
MOHD AQIF FIKRI BIN SULAIMAN
SITI NURAINA BINTI ISMAIL
NURIN ATHIRAH BINTI
SUPRAMONO
IDAH HAYANI BINTI NUR RAHMAN
WHAT IS EUTROPHICATION?
Process in which the concentration of chemical
nutrients increases.
Harmful changes in water caused by too much
fertilizer or nutrients getting into the water.
The primary productivity increases
--(production of organic compounds from
atmospheric carbon dioxide)
Reduce of some animal population and quality of
water.
Increases in other populations thats negatively
affects other species..



Eutrophication is when the environment becomes enriched with
nutrients. This can be a problem in marine habitats such as lakes as
it can cause algal blooms.

from photosynthetic marine plants under the
water surface. Fertilisers are often used in farming,
sometimes these fertilisers run-off into near by a
water causing an increase in nutrient levels.
This causes phytoplankton to grow and reproduce
more rapidly, resulting in algal blooms.
This bloom of algae disrupts normal ecosystem
functioning and causes many problems.
The algae may use up all the oxygen in the water,
leaving none for other marine life. This results in the
death of many aquatic organisms such as fish, which
need the oxygen in the water to live.
The bloom of algae may also block sunlight.
Some algae even produce toxins that are harmful to
higher forms of life. This can cause problems along
the food chain and affect any animal that feeds on
them.
Nitrates & Phosphates These are found in fertilizers,
are often washed from the soils to nearby water
bodies. They can cause eutrophication, which can be
very problematic to marine environments.


Harmful Algal Blooms

Harmful algal blooms can cause fish
kills.
Also human illness through shellfish
poisoning, and death of marine
mammals and shore birds.
Harmful algal blooms are often
referred to as red tides or brown
tides because of the appearance of the
water when these blooms occur
Hypoxia

Hypoxia occurs when algae and other organisms
die , sink to the bottom, and are decomposed by
bacteria, using the available dissolved oxygen.
Salinity and temperature differences between
surface and subsurface waters lead to stratification,
limiting oxygen replenishment from surface waters
and creating conditions that can lead to the
formation of a hypoxic or dead zone. The
formatioin of dead zones can lead to fish kills and
benthic mortality.
Because benthic organisms are bottom dwelling and
cannot easily flee low-oxygen zones, they are often
the most severely impacted.
The effects of water pollution are varied and depend
on what chemicals are dumped and in what locations.

Death of aquatic (water) animals
The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life that depends on
these water bodies. Dead fish, crabs, birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many
other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat
(living environment).

Disruption of food-chains
Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well. Pollutants such as lead and
cadmium are eaten by tiny animals. Later, these animals are consumed by fish
and shellfish, and the food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels.

Diseases
Eventually, humans are affected by this process as well. People can get diseases
such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned. In many poor
nations, there is always outbreak of cholera and diseases as a result of poor
drinking water treatment from contaminated waters.

Destruction of ecosystems
Ecosystems the interaction of living things in a place, depending on each other
for life) can be severely changed or destroyed by water pollution. Many areas
are now being affected by careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming
back to hurt humans in many ways.

Prevention..
Technologies > Aim to make people use more common
technologies in agriculture, rather than applying new ones.
Public participations > Aims aim to make people aware that
they also participate in this problem.
Economic instruments > Aim to give incentives for those who
protect the water sources from pollution by using clean
methods africulture.
Cooperation > Pollution may be because of or affect several
communities they should cooperate in order to deal with the
problem.
Farmers use technique called Soil Nitrogen testing in order to
optiomize the amount of fertilizer applied to crops.
It reeduce both the wastes and the expenditure.

THANK YOU FOR YOURS
ATTENTION