Scouring: Objectives, chemicals used and their functions, method of
scouring in machines as kier, J box, HTHP steamers
PREPARATORY PROCESSES FOR COTTON 1 SCOURING 2
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CARBONATES CALCIUM SULPHATES NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS COLOURING MATERIALS PRESENT IN PRIMARY WALL AND LUMEN PECTIC ACID COOH GROUP PRESENT INSOLUBLE IN WATER FATTY ACIDS FATTY ALCOHOLS OLEIC ACIDS INSOLUBLE IN WATER FAT & WAXES PECTINS
MINERALS
PROTEINS IMPURTIES 3 SCOURING SCOURING can be carried out as a separate step of the process OR in combination with other treatments (usually bleaching or desizing) on all kind of substrates (fiber, woven fibers, knitted fibers).
Cotton chemical structure 4 SCOURING 5 TYPE OF SCOURING SOLVENT SCOURING AQUEOUS SCOURING 6 AQUEOUS SCOURING 1. WATER 2. CAUSTIC 3. SEQUESTERING AGENT 4. WETTING AGENT OR SURFACTANT 7 SEQUESTERING AGENT 8 CHEMICAL REACTIONS REACTION WITH CAUSTIC SODA FAT & OILS SOAP REACTION WITH SODA ASH(SODIUM CARBONATE)
FAT & OILS SOAP soap of sodium dissolve easy in water 9 RECIPE SCOURING PROCESS 10
scouring process of cotton with Na 2 CO 3 and NaOH used exhaustion method 11 Materials dried is later,then weigh and perceived, do test of fabric absorpsion Afterwards cloth cleaned by hot water ,then cleaned to be chill water Fabric done at solution process with temperature 95 o C,then stir to flatten during 60 minute Water and chemical agent prepared as according to liquor ratio at recipe Weigh Materials and chemical agents as according to calculation of recipe PROCEDURE 12 13 14 15 TYPE OF SCOURING MACHINE 1.Batch process 2.Semi- continuous 3.Continuous
WITHOUT PRESSURE WITH PRESSURE OPEN TANK,JIGGER, HASPEL, CLAPEAU, J-BOX AND OF L- BOX KIER M/C, CLOSED JIGGER 16 Schema of machine haspel Description: 1. Roller up 2. Guide Roller 3. Guide Roller 4. Vessel 5. Water pipe 6. Steam pipe Process of scouring cotton with haspel machine
17 SCOURING PROCESS WITH JIGGER MACHINE OPEN JIGGER M/C CLOSED JIGGER M/C 18 One of the scouring recipe of drill fabric with jigger machine is : Caustic soda (38 o Be) : 10 cc / litre Wetting agent : 4 g / litre M:L ratio : 1 : 5 Temperature : 100 o C Time : 8 - 10 Rotation
After scouring material is cleaned with chilled water, hot water, and rinsed with cool water, rinsing with the help of water emitting stream. SCOURING RECIPE 19 SCOURING PROCESS WITH J-BOX MACHINE A typical recipe (% o.w.g.) for J-box scouring is as follows. : Caustic soda : 4.0 Soda ash : 1.5 Sodium silicate : 1.5 Wetting agent : 0.5 Detergent : 0.5 20 The procedure for treating the fabric by the J-box system consists essentially of saturating the incoming wet fabric with relatively concentrated solutions of caustic soda. Two different principles are used in the design of J-boxes, depending on the method by which the cloth is pre-heated before storage. Some J-boxes, such as the used in the DuPont and Farmer Norton plants, have separate chamber where the temperature of the material is brought to about 80 0 C before it enters the J-box which is insulated sufficiently to ensure that the cloth maintains this temperature approximately during its entire passage through it. An alternative machine used is the Becco-type. In this type of a J-box the heat is supplied by steam jets situated inside the box at the point of entry. dilute concentrations longer times higher temperatures IN KIER higher concentrations shorter reaction times lower temperatures IN J- BOX 21 scouring Machine with pressure KIER SCOURING 22 Pile the cloth, Dissolve the chemicals in a separate tank, Take water in the kier, Circulate water along with the chemicals, Start heating, Close the lid but keep the air vent valve open, when the air is completely expelled out with steam, close the air vent valve and develop the pressure Heat for 8-10 hours at 1.5 kg per sq cm i.e. 130 0 C. STEPS FOR FILLING THE KIER 23 Blow off the kier, Throw away the liquor, Take fresh water, Circulate the water, Throw away the water, Again take water, Circulate and throw away, Open the kier, and Wash the fabric. STEPS FOR EMPTYING OUT THE KIER 24 ADVANTAGES OF J- BOX SCOURING SYSTEM Daily production per kier would be only about 19000 meters/kier/day, which is rather low. The J-Box system, gives a daily production of at least 80,000 m./day/per J Box. The J-Box plants are suitable for routine fabrics such as dhotis, sarees, sheetings, mulls, voiles, etc. Along with the J-Box plants, the supporting machines such as prewashing and post-washing units, saturators, etc. are also to be equally production oriented. 25 SCOURING 26