INDEPENDENT

SUSPENSION








WHAT IS INDEPENDENT
SUSPENSION
It is a type of suspension in which all the
four wheels of a vehicle can sprung
independently.
Depending upon roads, wheels moves
different in vertical plane keeping the main
body unaffected by road surface.
NEED OF INDEPENDENT
SUSPENSION
With obvious rigid
suspension the vehicle tilts
on one side.
Vehicle body tilt is avoided
by independent suspension.
Generally coil spring is used
instead of leaf spring as it
has more elastic strain
energy. It takes less space
and is lighter too.
SUSPENSION POSITION IN VEHICLE
TYPES OF INDEPENDENT
SUSPENSION
1. Swinging half axle suspension
2. Double wishbone type suspension
3. Mac Pherson strut type suspension
4. Trailing link type suspension
5. Multi link type suspension
SWINGING HALF AXLE
SUSPENSION

Wheels mounted rigidly on half axles which in
turn are pivoted to frame.
Depending upon surface, whole half axle jumps
up and down.
ADVANTAGES:
Independent ride

DISADVANTAGES:
Camber varies.
Very bad handling

WHO USE IT:
Mercedes 300SL (1954)
DOUBLE WISHBONE TYPE
Basic unit consists of two arms (V-arms) called
upper and lower wishbones.
Spring is provided in between two arms for
damping provision with shock absorber inside.
Basic Unit
BASIC UNIT ATTACHED TO AXLE
Both wishbones remain attached with frame.
Vehicle weight is transmitted to lower wishbone by body
and then through coil spring.
Depending upon bump, wheels moves up and down
oscillating both wishbones.
ADVANTAGES:
Controlled camber
Good handling
Unsprung wt. is reduced

DISADVANTAGES:
Camber present
Costly and complex

WHO USE IT:
European sports cars like Ferrari,
lotus and some sedans.
Camber present
Mac PHERSON STRUT TYPE
Same as double wishbone; but top wishbone is removed
and coil attached to a strut.

BASIC UNIT
Blue Lower wishbone
Purple Coil spring
Light yellow Strut
Green - frame
BASIC UNIT ATTACHED TO AXLE
Invented in 1940 by Earl S. Mac Pherson of Ford.
Lower wishbone is pivoted and free to oscillate up and
down.
This oscillation is damped by coil spring and shock
absorber.
ADVANTAGES:
Compact and cheap; thats why used for front axle the
most.
Lighter than double wishbone, therefore less Unsprung
mass and less shocks.

DISADVANTAGES:
Average handling.

WHO USE IT:
Most front wheel drive compact cars.
TRAILING LINK SUSPENSION
Basic unit consists of a coil spring and trailing
arm.
Trailing arm remains parallel to road while coil
spring remains perpendicular.
BASIC UNIT ATTACHED TO AXLE
Coil spring is attached to
trailing arm which in turn is
attached to frame.
Another end of trailing arm is
coupled with wheel hub.
Road bumps winds and
unwinds the coil spring and
oscillate the trailing arm
simultaneously.
Semi trailing link
arrangement is used when
frame back is angular.

ADVANTAGES:
Camber and wheel track almost constant.
Only allows up and down motion of wheel.

DISADVANTAGES:
Less refined than multi link suspension.

WHO USE IT:
Many mid price to high price sedans and coupes, mostly
before 1990. After that multi link suspension came in
existence.
Used for rear axle suspension where more space is
present in horizontal plane.


MULTI LINK SUSPENSION
A number of links are attached rigidly to wheel to take
various forces.
Different no. of arms can be used depending upon the
requirement.

BASIC UNIT ATTACHED TO AXLE
Came in existence after 1990.
It is the extension of Mac Pherson type
suspension.

ADVANTAGES:
Most useful to avoid camber during up and down motion
of wheel and during wheel rolling during steering.
Wheel track remains constant.

DISADVANTAGES:
Its a compromise between efficiency and space.
Not as cheap as Mac Pherson type suspension.

WHO USE IT:
Luxurious sedans like BMW 3 series, Mercedes S
class.
WHEEL MOTION WITH MULTI LINK
SUSPENSION

UP AND DOWN MOTION




MOTION IN ROLLING
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