UCSD Physics 10

Work, Energy and Power

UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 2
What is Work?
Work carries a specific meaning in physics
Formula: work = force displacement
W = F S
W = F S cos
where: F is the force done, S is the displacement made
and is the angle between the F and S
Work can be done by you, as well as on you
Work is a measure of expended energy
Work represents a measurable change in a system, caused
by a force.
SI Unit of Work: Joule(j) = 1Nm

UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 3
Power
Power is simply energy exchanged
per unit time, or how fast you get
work done (Watts = Joules/sec)
One horsepower = 745 W
Perform 100 J of work in 1 s, and
call it 100 W
Run upstairs, raising your 70 kg
(700 N) mass 3 m (2,100 J) in 3
seconds 700 W output!
Shuttle puts out a few GW
(gigawatts, or 10
9
W) of power!
UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 4
Energy
Energy is the capacity to do work
A system that has energy has the ability to do
work.
Energy is measured in the same units as work
because energy is transferred during the action of
work.
Energy is the fuel used to do work.
UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 5
Types of Energy
1. Mechanical energy
- is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion or its position.
- is energy than comes from movement.
- Examples: a ball rolling, water flowing
2. Chemical Energy
- is the energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.
- if the bonds break then energy is released.
- Examples: TNT, baking soda, and a match. Biomass, petroleum,
natural gas, propane and coal
3. Radiant energy
- is also called electromagnetic energy.
- is the movement of photons.
- Examples: radio waves (AM, FM, TV), microwaves, X-rays, and plant
growth
UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 6
Types of Energy
4. Electrical Energy
- is the movement of elections.
- Electricity is the movement of electrons.
- Examples: Lightning, static electricty,
5. Nuclear Energy
- is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
- structure of the atom is changed resulting in energy released. fission or
fussion
- Examples: Submarines, power plants, and smoke detectors
6. Thermal Energy
- is the internal energy in substances-the vibration and movement of
atoms and molecules within substance.
- is created in the movement of atoms.
- Examples: Boiling water, burning wood, rubbing your hands,
geothermal powerplants

UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 7
Types of Energy
7. Sound Energy
- is the movement molecules in the air that produces
vibrations.
- Examples: Alarms, music, speech, ultrasound medical
equipment
8. Magnetic Energy
- is the attraction of objects made of iron.
- is energy made from electric fields and magnetic fields.
- Examples: Medical equipment, compass, refrigerator
magnets
UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 8
Main Types of Energy

Kinetic Energy
&
Potential Energy
UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 9
Kinetic Energy (KE or E
k)
Energy of motion is called kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on
two things: mass and velocity.
Kinetic energy is proportional to mass.
Mathematically, kinetic energy increases as the
square of speed.
If the speed of an object doubles, its kinetic energy
increases four times. (mass is constant)




UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 10
Kinetic Energy
E
k
= 1 mv
2
2
Velocity (m/sec)
Mass (kg)
Kinetic Energy
(joules)
UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 11
Potential Energy (KE or E
p)
is a type of energy that depends on the elevation of
an object with respect to the ground.
is present even if the object is not moving.
If displacement from the ground increases, the
potential energy also increases.
is also dependent on acceleration due to gravity.
UCSD Physics 10
Spring 2008 12
Potential Energy
E
p
= mgh

Height (m)
Mass (kg)
Potential Energy
(joules)
Acceleration
of gravity (m/sec
2
)