PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

1. Definition
2. Rationale
3. Functions of Management
4. Styles of Management
5. Principles of Management
6. Administrative Functions
7. The Planning Process
THE PLANNING PROCESS
1. Health Situational Analysis
2. Objective Setting
3. Strategy Identification
and Prioritization
4. Activity Setting
5. Plan for Evaluation
6. Budget
THE PLANNING PROCESS
1. Health Situational Analysis
2. Objective Setting
3. Strategy Identification
and Prioritization
4. Activity Setting
5. Plan for Evaluation
6. Budget
A series of time- and resource-
limited activities for enhancing the
capability of programs to solve
health problems
Course of action for the solution
of a given health problem
PROGRAM
PROJECTS
A composite of projects
Situational Analysis
30% of children 0- 6 yrs
old are malnourished
Large % of the
popn belong to
the 0-5 yo age
group
-Weight/growth
monitoring
conducted
infrequently
-Inadequate
supply of food
supplements
-Few midwives
are capable of
providing
nutritional
advice
-Only 5% of
mothers
breastfeed
-90% of
mothers start
weaning early
at 3 mos
-Poor
knowledge
regarding
breastfeeding
and nutrition
High incidence
of immunizable
diseases
PROGRAM
PROJECTS


Large % of the
popn belong to the
0-5 yo age group
90% of mothers
start weaning at
3 months
Poor knowledge
on breastfeeding
and nutrition
High incidence of
immunizable
diseases
Only 5% of
mothers
breastfeed
Weight/growth
monitoring conducted
infrequently
Inadequate supply of
food supplements
Few midwives are
capable of providing
nutritional advice
High prevalence of malnutrition
30% of children 0- 6 yrs old are
malnourished
Depletion of
government resources
Depletion of family
resources
High infant and
<5 mortality rate
Increased
morbidity
High expenditure for
nutrition programs








PROJECTS
health
education
project
THE PLANNING PROCESS
1. Health Situational Analysis
2. Objective Setting
3. Strategy Identification
and Prioritization
4. Activity Setting
5. Plan for Evaluation
6. Budget
OBJECTIVE SETTING
S
M
A
R
T
pecific
easurable
ttainable
ealistic
ime- bound
Objective Setting
3. RISK REDUCTION OBJECTIVES
2. SERVICE AND PROTECTION
OBJECTIVES
1. HEALTH STATUS OBJECTIVE

Objective Setting
1. HEALTH STATUS OBJECTIVE
(Program)
Changes in specific health
conditions:
mortality rates
morbidity rates
prevalence/incidence rates

Objective Setting
1. HEALTH STATUS OBJECTIVE
(Program)
Changes in specific health
conditions:
mortality rates
To decrease the infant mortality rate in
Community X by 20% within 1 year
Objective Setting
1. HEALTH STATUS OBJECTIVE
(Program)
Changes in specific health
conditions:
morbidity rates

To decrease the pneumonia morbidity rate
in Community X by 20% within 1 year
Objective Setting
To decrease the prevalence of malnutrition
in Community X by 20% within 1 year
1. HEALTH STATUS OBJECTIVE
(Program)
Changes in specific health
conditions:
prevalence/incidence rates

Objective Setting
2. SERVICE AND PROTECTION
OBJECTIVES
Changes in the health sector:
services
health human resource
facilities
(Project)
Objective Setting
To increase the number of beneficiaries of the
Feeding Program by 50% within 6 months
2. SERVICE AND PROTECTION
OBJECTIVES (Project)
Changes in the health sector:
services

Objective Setting
To increase the number of BHWs capable of
providing nutritional advice from 1 to 5 within
6 months
2. SERVICE AND PROTECTION
OBJECTIVES (Project)
Changes in the health sector:
health human resource

Objective Setting
To increase the number of Salter scales in the
RHU from 1 to 5 units within 6 months
2. SERVICE AND PROTECTION
OBJECTIVES (Project)
Changes in the health sector:
facilities
Objective Setting
3. RISK REDUCTION OBJECTIVES
(Project)
Changes in behavior and knowledge:
popn engaging in healthy behavior
popn with appropriate knowledge
Objective Setting
To increase the proportion of mothers who
breastfeed their infant children from 5% to
70% within 6 months
3. RISK REDUCTION OBJECTIVES
(Project)
Changes in behavior and knowledge:
popn engaging in healthy behavior

Objective Setting
To increase the proportion of mothers who
have correct knowledge on proper nutrition
for infant children from 5% to 70% within 6
months
3. RISK REDUCTION OBJECTIVES
(Project)
Changes in behavior and knowledge:
popn with appropriate knowledge
Objective Setting
3. RISK REDUCTION OBJECTIVES
(Project)
2. SERVICE AND PROTECTION
OBJECTIVES (Project)
1. HEALTH STATUS OBJECTIVE
(Program)
To determine the immunization status of
children 1- 5 years old in Bgy X
To determine the factors contributing to high
prevalence of incomplete vaccination in
children 1- 5 years old in Bgy X
To increase the number of BHWs in Bgy X
capable of administering vaccines from 1 to 5
BHWs in 6 months
To increase the proportion of mothers in
Bgy X with correct knowledge regarding
immunization from 40 to 80% in 6 months
To be able to enumerate the different vaccine-
preventable diseases
CDx
Problem
Investi-
gation
Service
Risk
Reduc-
tion
Session
To decrease the prevalence of incomplete
vaccination in Bgy X from 30 to 10% in 6 months
Health
Status
To increase the number of color-coded garbage
receptacles from 8 to 16 in Bgy X in 6 months
To be able to classify waste matter into
biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and recyclable
waste
To increase the proportion of households
practicing waste segregation from 40 to 80% in 6
months in Bgy X
To determine the number of households which
practice sanitary waste disposal in Bgy X
To determine the factors contributing to the high
prevalence of food- borne diseases in Bgy X
Service
Session
Risk
Reduc-
tion
CDx
Problem
Investi-
gation
To decrease the prevalence of food-borne
diseases in Bgy X from 30% to 10% in 6 months
Health
Status
Large % of the
popn belong to the
0-5 yo age group
90% of mothers
start weaning at
3 months
Poor knowledge
on breastfeeding
and nutrition
High incidence of
immunizable
diseases
Only 5% of
mothers
breastfeed
Weight/growth
monitoring conducted
infrequently
Inadequate supply of
food supplements
Few midwives are
capable of providing
nutritional advice
High prevalence of malnutrition
30% of children 0- 6 yrs old are
malnourished
Depletion of
government resources
Depletion of family
resources
High infant and
<5 mortality rate
Increased
morbidity
High expenditure for
nutrition programs







PROJECTS
health
education
project
To increase the proportion of mothers in
Bgy X with correct knowledge regarding
breastfeeding from 40 to 80% in 1 month
Risk
Reduc-
tion
STRATEGY SETTING
Identification of strategies
Prioritization of strategies
To increase the proportion of mothers in
Bgy X with correct knowledge regarding
breastfeeding from 40 to 80% in 1 month
Risk
Reduc-
tion
STRATEGY SETTING
Identification of strategies
Prioritization of strategies
Potential impact
Potential scope
Feasibility
Social acceptability
Example: Strategy Identification and Prioritization

STRATEGY IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION
Barangay X, Dasmarinas, Cavite, 2011

PROJECT OBJECTIVE (Risk Reduction Objective):
To increase the proportion of mothers with appropriate knowledge
regarding breastfeeding from 40 to 80% in 1 month
Total
Social
Acceptability
Feasibility
Potential
Scope
Potential
Impact
Distribution of
pamphlets and
growth charts
Individualized
Learning with
Computer Package/
Module
Small group
discussion sessions
CRITERIA
STRATEGY IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION
Barangay X, Dasmarinas, Cavite, 2011

PROJECT OBJECTIVE (Risk Reduction Objective):
To increase the proportion of mothers with appropriate knowledge
regarding breastfeeding from 40 to 80% in 1 month
Total
Social
Acceptability
Feasibility
Potential
Scope
Potential
Impact
Distribution of
pamphlets and
growth charts
Individualized
Learning with
Computer Package/
Module
Small group
discussion sessions
CRITERIA
2 3 1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
10 6 8
ACTIVITY SETTING
Listing of activities
Activities
Persons responsible
Target date of completion
Resources needed
Evaluation indicators
Gantt Chart
Activities
Time table
TABLE OF ACTIVITIES

Activities
Target date of
completion
Persons
responsible
Resources
required
Evaluation
indicators
Make session plan
Requisition for training
materials
Arrange for training venue
Disseminate info to
mothers
Receive training materials
Conduct dry- run
Implement teaching
sessions
Monitor implementation
Conduct final evaluation
GANTT CHART
Activities January February March April May June
Make session plan
Requisition for training materials
Arrange for training venue
Disseminate info to mothers
Receive training materials
Conduct dry- run
Implement teaching sessions
Monitor implementation
Conduct final evaluation
EVALUATION
EVALUATION
To find out the extent to
which objectives were
achieved.
To decide whether a
program/project or any of
its parts should be revised,
continued, or terminated.

To determine
improvements and
adjustments needed to
attain the program/ project
objectives
Objectives
Outcome
Effect
Impact
Process
Progress
Efficiency
Focus
At the end of the
program/project activities
While the program/project
activities are forming or
happening
When done
SUMMATIVE
EVALUATION
FORMATIVE
EVALUATION
short-term
long-term
Process Outcome
FORMATIVE
EVALUATION
SUMMATIVE
EVALUATION
What are the results of the
program/project?
How is the program/project
being implemented?
Is the program/project being
implemented as intended?
Main
questions
1. What do the people do/
know differently as a
result of the program/
project?
2. Are the participants
satisfied with what they
gained from the program/
project?


1. What activities are carried
out?
2. Who actually carries out
the activities?
3. How well are the activities
carried out?
4. Are the activities carried
out on time?
5. Are the financial and staff
resources adequate?
Sample
questions
Evaluation
Risk Reduction Objective
To increase the proportion of mothers
in Bgy X with appropriate knowledge
on weaning and nutrition from 40 to
80% in 1 month
Evaluation
Process/Formative Evaluation:

Number of SGDs conducted
Number of mothers who attended
Number of training kits distributed
Time of conduct of activities
Strategy: Conduct of small group
discussion sessions
AS COMPARED TO THE PLAN
Evaluation
Process Evaluation
Indicators
# SGDs conducted by a certain
time; Actual # SGDs held
Actual # of mothers who
attended the SGDs and the
% of sessions attended
Actual # of training kits
distributed
Actual time of delivery of
training kits
AS COMPARED TO THE PLAN
Plan

10 SGDs will be
conducted
20 of the 25 mothers
should attend 80% of
the classes
20 training kits will be
distributed
20 training kits should
have been delivered
by the 2nd month
Evaluation
Summative Evaluation:

Actual increase in proportion of
mothers with appropriate knowledge
regarding weaning and nutrition
Strategy: Conduct of small group
discussion sessions
AS COMPARED TO THE PLAN
Evaluation
Summative Evaluation
Indicators

Actual increase in the
proportion of mothers with
appropriate knowledge on
weaning and nutrition


Decrease in the prevalence
of malnutrition
AS COMPARED TO THE PLAN
Plan
The number of
mothers with
appropriate
knowledge will
increase from
40- 80%
Impact:
Effect:
Impact:
BUDGET CONSIDERATIONS
1. Personnel Cost
2. Maintenance and Other Operating
Expenses (MOOE)
3. Equipment and Capital Outlay
BUDGET CONSIDERATIONS
1. Personnel Cost
Salaries/honoraria
Allowances
Budget Considerations
1. Personnel Cost
2. Maintenance and Other Operating
Expenses (MOOE)
Communication
Water and power
Rent
Travel expenses
Maintenance of vehicles, equipment,
facilities
Materials and supplies
1. Personnel Cost
2. Maintenance and Other Operating
Expenses (MOOE)
3. Equipment and Capital Outlay
Equipment outlay: replace, repair, acquire
Capital outlay: major repair, renovation,
construction
Transport acquisition
Budget Considerations
PROGRAM PLAN/PROJECT PROPOSAL
I. Title of the Program/Project
II. Rationale/Background
Summary: Situational Analysis
Statement of the Priority Health Problem
Summary: Explanation of the
Priority Health Problem
Relevance
PROGRAM PLAN/PROJECT PROPOSAL
I. Title of the Program/Project
II. Rationale/Background
III. Objectives
Health status
Service and protection
Risk reduction
PROGRAM PLAN/PROJECT PROPOSAL
I. Title of the Program/Project
II. Rationale/Background
III. Objectives
IV. Methodology
Strategies
Activities
Plan for Evaluation
Resources Required (human, materials)
Gantt Chart
PROGRAM PLAN/PROJECT PROPOSAL
I. Title of the Program/Project
II. Rationale/Background
III. Objectives
IV. Methodology
V. Budget Proposal