Prepared by-

Shilpa Sasikumar
Dental plaques are relatively
invisible.

Certain agents(dyes) may be
used to make the
supragingival plaques visible
and such agents are called
disclosing agents.
ERYTHROSIN:

Erythrosin tablets are dissolved into
a solution or chewed to dissolve in
the mouth.

It stains the plaque area red but
also may stain soft tissues.

It is the most widely used disclosing
agent.
FLUORESCEIN DYE:

On application,fluorescein dye stains
the plaque yellow.

It does not stain the soft tissues.

But special light is required to see the
stained plaque.

It is more expensive.
TWO TONE DYES:

A solution containing a
combination of two dyes is used.

Mature plaques are stained
blue,while new plaques are
stained red.
ADVANTAGES-

They help to differentiate mature
and immature plaques.

They do not stain the gingival
tissues.
IODINE CONTAINING SOLUTIONS:

They have been used as disclosing
agents but have the disadvantage of
causing a high incidence of allergic
reactions.

Also have unacceptable taste.,hence
not preferred.
To stain the plaque,solutions of
disclosing agents may be used as
follows.

Painting the teeth with a cotton swab.

Rinsing the mouth.

As tablets or wafers to be chewed
dissolving it in the saliva.The mouth
should then be rinsed with water.


Genetically determined abnormality to a
chemical.

Type of reaction is restricted to individuals
with a particular genotype.

Certain bizarre drug effects due to
peculiarities of an individual are included
among idisyncratic reactions.
Barbiturates cause excitement and mental
confusion in some individuals.

Quinine/quinidine cause
cramps,diarrhoea,purpura,asthma and
vascular collapse in some patients.

Chloramphenicol produces nondose-related
serious aplastic anaemia in rare individuals.
Appearance of characteristic toxic effects of
a drug in an individual at therapeutic doses.

Converse of tolerance and indicates a low
threshold of the individual to the action of
drug.

These are individuals who fall on the
extreme left side of Gaussian frequency
distribution curve for sensitivity to the drug.
A single doe of triflupromazine induces
muscular dystonias in some
individuals,specially children.

Only few doses of crabamazepine may cause
ataxia in some people.

One tablet of chloroquine may cause
vomiting and abdominal pain in occasional
patient.