Reverse Osmosis System

Presented by : Ach Farid Wadjdi

3P
Purpose :

To share & discuss Reverse Osmosis (RO) application

Process :

Presentation & discussion

Pay Off :

Better understanding for RO system, Monitoring, Control, and
Services.

2
AGENDA
Reverse Osmosis Overview
Reverse Osmosis Monitoring
Membrane Problem
Profiling and Probing
Membrane Cleaning Activity


3
Reverse Osmosis
Overview

5
Ultrafiltration
Microfiltration
Clarification
Filtration Chlorination
SuspendedParticles
Collodial matter
Organics, Fe&Mn
Bioforms
Electrodialysis
Evaporation
ActivatedCarbon
ReverseOsmosis
IonExchange
Dissolvedions
Hardness
alkalinity
Organics &Res.Cl2
Decarbonation
Chemical Scavenging
Deaeration
DissolvedGases
CO2
O2
H2S, NH3
Contaminants
Contaminant in Water
RO OVERVIEW
6
Osmotic
Pressure
High Low
Semi-
permeable
membrane
OSMOSIS
Applied
Pressure
REVERSE OSMOSIS
High Low
7
Microfiltration Ultrafiltration Nanofiltration Reverse
Osmosis
Range Macro molecular Molecular Sub molecular Ionic
Particle size 1.0 - 0.1 mm 0.1 - 0.01 mm 0.01 - 0.001 mm <0.001 mm
Removes Suspended solids,
Large colloids,
Bacteria
Proteins,
Colloids,
Organics
Pyrogens,
Divalent ions
Virus
Small Organics,
Metals,
Salts
Molecular
Weight
>100,000 10,000 - 100,000 200 - 20,000 <300
Operating
Pressure
10 psig 10 - 100 psig 200 -250 psig 200 - 800 psig
Pretreatment
Needs
Medium Medium High High
Capital Cost Medium Medium High High
Membrane Filtration
Semipermiable Membrane
Thin Film Composite (98% of Industrial market)
Cellulose Acetate
Polysulfone
9
Cellulose
acetate
Thin film
composite
Typical pH range
5.0-6.5 2.0-11.0
Average % rejection
95% 99%
Microbio susceptibility
Yes
No
Temperature limit 35

C 45 C
Chlorine tolerance Excellent Poor
Typical operating
pressure
400 psig 200 psig
Membrane Comparisons
RO System
Train
Pressure Vessel
Stage 2
Stage 1
Reverse Osmosis
Monitoring

12
Point of Monitoring
RO MEMBRANE
PERMEATE
REJECT
HIGH
PRESSURE
PUMP
FEEDWATER
SDI, Feed
Pressure
Feed Flow Rate, pH,
Conductivity, Turbidity,
Temperature, Oxydants,
and Biocide (TFC elements)
Reject
Pressure
Reject Flow
Rate,
Conductivity
Permeate Flow Rate,
Conductivity, Permeate
Pressure, and Biocide
(CA and TFC elements)
1. Percent salt rejection & Percent salt
passage

2. Normalized permeate flowrate

3. Differential pressure

4. % Recovery

Performance monitoring
1. % Salt Rejection & % Salt Passage
% Rejection = (TDS
feed
- TDS
Product
) x 100
TDS
feed
% Salt Passage = TDS
Product
x 100
TDS
feed
Conductivity Factor
TDS
feed
= 0.6 x Conductivity
feed

TDS
permeate
= 0.5 x Conductivity
permeate



TDS
reject
= 0.7 x Conductivity
reject

2. Normalized Permeate Flow
The formula used to calculate Normalized Permeate flow is :

Qnorm = Qi * (NDPstart / NDPi) * (TCstart/TCi)

Qnorm = Normalized permeate flow
Qi = Permeate flow at point i
NDPstart = Net Driving Pressure at startup or reference condition
NDPi = Net Driving Pressure at point i.
TCstart = Temperature Correction Factor at startup or reference condition
TCi = Temperature Correction Factor at point i.
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= Feed Pressure - Reject Pressure
3. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE (P)
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4. % RECOVERY
% Recovery = (Permeate Flow) x 100 %
Feed/Inlet Flow

Membrane Problem

20
Scaling
The major scalants are calcium carbonate, calcium
sulfate, barium sulfate, silica, and
Calcium/magnesium silicate

Cause: change in pH, salt concentration, dan
temperature.

The best precaution against scaling are optimizing
the pre-treatment, maintaining design flow rate &
continuously injecting scale inhibitor
21
Fouling
Foulants are normally formed from suspended
matter found in the feed water.

To RO membrane manufacturers, fouling is
considered a normal occurrence that can be
controlled with effective monitoring,
maintenance and cleaning programs


22
Degradation or hydrolysis
RO membranes can degrade or hydrolyze when
exposed to oxidants (chlorine; etc.), pH changes,
biodegradation, or temperature extremes.

CA membranes are very sensitive to
biodegradation, pH ranges outside of 5.0 to 6.5,
and temperature higher than 40
0
C.

TFC membranes are very sensitive to oxidizers,
pH ranges outside of 2.0 to 11.0 and temperature
higher than 45
0
C.

Profiling
and Probing
PROFILLING
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Determined which pressure vessel, has high
contribution to increase permeate
conductivity.
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Probing : Determines which membrane or interconnector
that has high contribution to conductivity
Using : 1/4
Polypropylene
Tubing
PROBING
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Reverse Osmosis
Cleaning
When to clean the membranes ?
Decreasing normalized permeate flow 10 15 %
from the last cleaning
Decreasing % Salt Rejection 10 15 % from the last
cleaning
Increasing P 10 15 % from the last cleaning
After 3 month operation
27
CLEANING - OPERATIONAL
Alkaline Cleaning
Remove organic & inorganic fouling
Chemical : PC 98, PC 40 & NaOH for pH adjustment (10,5 12)
Please loading PC 40 first for dilution
Circulate and soak every 15 minutes in interval 4 hours
Record flow, pressure & temperature and maintain within the range
Acid Cleaning
Remove scaling
Chemical : PC 77 & HCl for pH adjustment
Circulate for 2 hours, soak for 30 minutes and then circulate for 1 hour (Pressure max. 4 bar)
Maintain pH during acid cleaning
Record flow, pressure & temperature and maintain within the range
Sanitation
Remove microbiological
Chemical PC 11
Circulate the solution for 60 minutes
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Before cleaning, please do flushing RO (15 minutes) & circulate (30 minutes) to
cleaning tank with permeate water.
Cleaning Skid
Volume Cleaning :
40-55 m3/membrane
THANK YOU


TERIMA KASIH


MATUR NUWUN