Human Factors Laboratory

Noise


Noise
Definitions
Unwanted sound
Auditory stimuli carrying no information relevant
to current tasks
Measurement
Units
Sound Pressure Level: amplitude of the pressure
fluctuations.
The weakest sound: 20 Pa = 0 dB
Pa x 10 = dB + 20
Measured in Pascal, but could be changed into
decibels (dB)

Sound level meters
Definitions
A, B, C scales
The smallest
change: 3 dB /
1.5 kalinya
A, B, and C Scales
Physiological Effects
Short Term Effects
Startle response

Long Term Effects ( > 95 dBA, > 10 yrs)
Hypertension
Headaches
Irritability
Sleep disorders
etc.
Annoyance (2)
Objective Scales
Equivalent Sound Level (L
eq
)
Day-Night Level (L
dn
)
L
dn
= L
eq
for 24 hours period with correction
add 10 dB for 2200 - 0700 hrs

Community Response
L
dn
(dBA) Response
50 - 60 none or sporadic
60 - 70 wide spread complaints
70 - 75 threats of legal action
75 - 80 vigorous action

OSHA Standards: Continuous Noise
Noise Dosage



total (daily) dose = sum of partial doses

Requirement: total dose < 1.00
Example
Worker exposed to 90 dBA for 4 hours,
105 dBA for 30 minutes. Within dosage limits?

4 hr @ 90 dBA = 4 / 8 = 0.5
0.5 hr @ 105 dBA = 0.5 / 1 = 0.5
Total dosage = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1.0

Since 1.0 < 1.0, dosage is OK
Annoyance (1)
Factors
Subjective Scales, e.g.
noticeable
intrusive
annoying
very annoying
unbearable
Influence of Environment
Wind
Humidity
Temperature
Ambient pressure
Vibration
Magnetic fields
Noise control
Acoustic absorption, insulation
Damping
Design (machine or workplace)
Isolation
Maintenance


Applications
Noise and stress
Noise and blood pressure
Noise and music
Not related to output
Related to output for boring task
Noise and satisfaction

Vibration
Vibration effect: amplitude, frequency
Classification of vibration:
Whole or major portion of the body surface (e.g.:
earthquake)
Transmitted through supporting area (e.g.: buttocks of a
person driving truck, feet of a person standing by a
shakeout facility)
Localized body area (e.g.: hand when operating power
tools)
Limit
Around 4 m/s for 8 hr
60 s (minimum measurement time)


Effect: headache, vision problem, loss
appetite, bone atrophy, arthritis, occlude
blood flow, affect nerves, white finger
syndrome
To reduce:
Modifying the speed, motion
Maintain the equipment
Place anti-vibrating equipments to lessen vibration
Implement suspension system
Take home Quiz (Android apps)
Download apps Noise Meter, rekam kebisingan di
beberapa tempat (2 menit):
Di pinggir jalan yang ramai (Margonda)
Di dalam KRL
Di persimpangan jalan dg KRL (ketika sirene berbunyi)
Download apps Vibrometer, rekam vibrasi di lokasi
berikut dalam kondisi jalan (2 menit):
Di dalam KRL
Di dalam angkot/metromini
Di dalam mobil pribadi
Analisis singkat apakah rata-rata noise dan vibrasi yang
dihasilkan sudah melebihi ambang batas atau belum.
Dikumpulkan softcopy, tanggal 26 Mei 2014