NAME :NUR HAIDATUL AKMAL HARUN

ID NO : 02102052
IC NO : 891111-14-6128
COHORT : 2
LECTURER: MS. SELVI


At the end of this presentation, we should
be able to:
Define stress.
List out the basic types of stressor.
Enumerate the characteristics of stress.
Describe the causes of stress.
Explain factors that affecting response
to stress.

Define burnout.
Explain the differences between stress and
burnout.
List out the stages of burnout.
Explain the causes of counselor burnout.
Describe the signs and symptoms of burnout.
Explain the prevention strategies to avoid
burnout.
Describe burnout coping strategies.


Stress is the bodys reaction to a
change that requires a physical,
mental or emotional adjustment or
response. (adapted from About.com by
Angela Morrow, RN)


Changes which can cause stress can come
both in internal and external environment.
Internal environment can be considered as a
person negative internal perceptions about a
situation which can leads a person to has
negative feelings and eventually cause a
person to feel stress.
External environment is like increase in the
workloads.


Eustress : positive
stress
Distress : negative
stress


Stressors are any factors that can cause a person to
feel stress.
Eustress is a pleasant, curative and motivational
stressor.
Distress is an unpleasant stressor which can leads
a person to have negative emotions.
What may be a eustress for one person maybe a
distress to another.
Example: stress seeker may find extreme activities
a eustress but others may find it a distress.


Hyperstress
(overstress)
Hypostress
(understress)

Hyperstress is a state when the stress has extended
the limits of adaptability in which a person has.
Hyperstress is when you feel you are overloaded
with stress.
Hypostress is a state when a person suffers from
lack of self realization. Self realization is our own
realization or fulfillment of our own potential or
abilities.
Example: boredom.



This chart illustrates the relationship between the
various aspects of stress and burnout and the level of
performance.
Boredom is the hypostress. Stimulated, effective and
optimum are the eustress. Overload, irritable and
anxious are hyperstress.
The higher level of eustress leads to high rate of
productivity.
But, we have to make sure the eustress that we are
having will not overloaded and turn to hyperstress
which will leads to burnout.

PERSONAL
ISSUES
HEALTH
EMOTIONAL
PROBLEMS
RELATIONSHIP
MAJOR LIFE
CHANGES


Health: being diagnosed with chronic or terminal
illness by the doctor.
Emotional problems: any negative emotions that a
person cannot express or any unfinished business.
Example: anger and depression.
Relationship problem: problems with current
relationship or feeling lack of friendship or support in
life.
Major life changes: death of spouse/family
members/friends, losing job, getting married or
moving to a new place.


SOCIAL AND
WORK ISSUES
SURROUNDING
SOCIAL
SITUATION
OOCUPATION
UNEMPLOYMENT


Surrounding: live in an area where
overcrowding, crime, pollution or noise.
Social institution: being poor, feels lonely or
facing discrimination based on race, gender,
age, etc.
Occupation: being unhappy with job or
finding your current job is too demanding for
you.
Unemployment: losing your current job or
not being able to find a suitable job.


Personality traits
Environment
Magnitude of stressor
Perception of situation
Self perceived ability to handle
stressor
Previous pattern in dealing with
stressor


Personality traits: a neurotic person may get stressed
easily and will turn to have a dangerous behavior. A
calmer person will reacts to stress calmly compared to
a neurotic person.
Environment: the support or help available for you to
cope with the stress. People who have great support
from family members and friends reacts more calm to
stress.
Magnitude of stressors: the quality and severity of the
stressors. An individual with high intensity of stressors
may be more panic in coping with stressor compared to
the one with low intensity of stressor.


Perceptions of situation: how we perceived our current
situation plays major role in reaction to stress. If we
perceived it as positive, our reaction to stress will be
positive as well.
Self-perceived ability in handle stress: if we believe that
we can cope with stress, definitely the reaction would be
calm and positive.
Previous pattern in dealing with stress: previous
experience in handling stress is important when we face
new stress. If reaction in the previous stress event was
calm and steady, our reaction towards new stress event
would probably be the same as well.


Burnout is the depletion of physical
and mental resources characterized by
a loss of motivation, enthusiasm,
energy and interests, as well as a
significantly lower level of
performance. (Kyriacou & Sutcliff, 1978).

Burnout is also known as nervous
breakdown.
In other words, burnout is a state of
emotional, mental and physical exhaustion
by excessive and prolonged stress
(hyperstress).

STRESS HYPERSTRESS BURNOUT


Exposure to stress in a long period of time
without effective stress management can
cause an individual to feel overloaded with
stress.
Once he/she feels overloaded, then finally
they will become exhausted from the stress
and it cause burnout.

STRESS BURNOUT
Characterized by over engagement Characterized by disengagement
Overactive emotions Blunted emotions
Produces urgency and
hyperactivities
Produces helplessness and
hopelessness
Loss of energy Loss of motivation, ideas and hope
Leads to anxiety disorders Leads to detachment and
depression
Primary damage : physical Primary damage: emotional

Engagement: counselors who are positively attached not
only to the clients but everything concerning to their
occupation.
Over engagement: a state when counselors are overly
attached to the work in a negative way. Example:
willingly to sacrifice time with family, friends and health
for the sake of the work and having unclear boundaries
between work and personal life.
Disengagement: freedom from obligation. Where
counselors do not have emotional commitment to their
work or the workplace.


Overactive emotions: involuntary and usually overly
intense reaction to an external emotional stimulus ,
which often leads to feeling victimized by the
emotions.
Blunted emotions: a state when people feel that they
have no more emotions whether positive or negative.
Produces urgency and hyperactivity: stress will make
us work harder just for the sake to relieve the stress. A
person will feels rushed in completing the work that
causes stress.


Produces helplessness and hopelessness:
burnout makes us feel helpless and hopeless
because of the give up feeling that we felt
during burnout.
Loss of energy: physical exhaustion is due to
drained physical strength while rushing up
to complete the work just to relieved the
stress.
Detachments: isolating own selves from the
world or other people.




ALARM
REACTION
RESISTANCE EXHAUSTION

1. Alarm reaction
Counselors start to mobilize their defense mechanism mainly is
denial.
Counselors will fail to respond to early warning signs of burnout
of not being able to adapt to a new or continued stressors.
2. Resistance
Occurs when stressors in stage 1 continue to persists and increase
in intensity.
Counselors will start to divert their energies away from personal
growth and professional responsibilities directly toward managing
the stress. Clients will suffer the most because counselors begin to
helpless and powerless.
Counselors function at very low level both in professionally and
personally.


3. Exhaustion
manifests when counselors failed to deal
with the first 2 stages effectively.
Counselors are now have high level of
cynicism, inflexibility, and withdrawal.
Counselors may also end up with illness
most probably cardiovascular diseases
such as hypertension and heart attack,
depression and possibly suicide.


Excessive case loads
Unclear or overly demanding career
expectations
Lack of recognition or rewards for good
work
Too many difficult cases to attend to
Working too much without enough time
for relaxing and socializing



Pessimist
Unattainable goals
Lack of close and supportive
relationship
Perfectionistic

Pessimist: always expecting the worst
or something bad might happen to you.
Unattainable goal: when goals set are
difficult to achieved.
Perfectionistic: a person who is
displeased by anything that does not
meet very high standards.


Physical
Tired and feeling drained all the
time.
Feeling sick a lot.
Frequent headache, back pain and
muscle ache.
Change in appetite and sleep habit.

Emotional
Sense of failure and self doubt.
Feel helpless, trapped and defeated.
Loss of motivation
Increase in cynical and negative
outlook
Decreased satisfaction and sense of
accomplishment

Behavioral
Withdrawing from responsibilities
Isolate from others
Procrastination
Use food, alcohol and drugs to cope.
Taking out frustration on others.
Skipping work or come late but leave
early.

Start the day with relaxing ritual.
Adopt healthy eating, sleeping and
exercising habits.
Set boundaries.
Take a daily break from your work.
Nourish inner creative side
Stress management

Start the day with a relaxing ritual. Rather than
jumping out of bed as soon as you wake up,
spend at least fifteen minutes meditating,
writing in your journal, doing gentle stretches,
or reading something that inspires you.
Adopt healthy eating, exercising, and sleeping
habits. When you eat right, engage in regular
physical activity, and get plenty of rest, you
have the energy and resilience to deal with lifes
hassles and demands.


Take a daily break from your work. Set a time daily in
your schedule to disconnect yourself physically and
mentally from work.
Nourish your creative side. Creativity is a powerful
antidote to burnout. Try something new, start a fun
project, or resume a favorite hobby. Choose activities
that have nothing to do with work.
Set boundaries. Dont overextend yourself. Learn how
to say no to requests on your time. If you find this
difficult, remind yourself that saying no allows you
to say yes to the things that you truly want to do.


Take a break
Get support
Reevaluate goals and priorities
Acknowledge what have we lose

Take a break. Cut back whatever
commitments and activities you can. Give
yourself time to rest, reflect, and heal.
Get support. Turn to your loved ones for
support. Simply sharing your feelings with
another person can relieve some of the
burden.
Reevaluate goals and priorities. Take time to
think about your hopes, goals, and dreams



Acknowledge what have we lose. Burnout
makes us do not recognize what we have lost
during burnout. All of these unrecognized loses
will trapped our inner energy. So, take some
time to recognize all of the loses and allow
ourselves to grieves. Once we already
recognized all of the loses, the trapped energy
will be released and we now open ourselves for
healing.
Examples of loss: loss of role/identity, loss of
self-esteem/self-worth and loss of joy.


Stress reaction towards changes either in internal or
external environment.
Stress: Eustress and Distress.
Stress: Hyperstress and Hypostress.
Burnout - excessive levels of hyperstress and results in
exhaustion or hypostress.
Burnout: Alarm Reaction, Resistance and Exhaustion.
Once, we are aware that we are stressed, we should use
effective stress management techniques to enusre it
will not become overwhelmed which will lead to
hyperstress and eventually burnout.


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th
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1. Define BURNOUT.
2. From your own understanding, what are
the DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STRESS
AND BURNOUT?
3. What are the CAUSES OF BURNOUT?
4. List out all the STAGES OF BURNOUT.
5. Enumerate the TYPES OF STRESSOR.