KEDAH ISLAMIC

HIGH SCHOOL

CLASS : 2 IKRAM

PREPARING TO INSTALL ……
ASSALAMUALAIKU
M….

WELCOME TO OUR SITE

….
 MAGNIFICENT
PRIVILEGE

OUR GROUP
MEMBER’S NAME:
 INTRODUCTION
• Energy the ability to do work.
• Energy is measured in joules (J).
• Energy is found in various forms such as

potential, kinetic, heat, chemical, light,

sound, nuclear, and electrical energy.
 SOURCE OF ENERGY
RENEWABLE NON-RENEWABLE
SOURCE SOURCE

Wind
Geothermal Oil
Solar Nuclear
Biomass Coal
Water Natural gas

SECONDARY ENERGY
SOURCES
*Hydrogen
*Electricity
• All forms of energy are stored in different ways, in the energy
sources that we use every day. These sources are divided into two
groups -- renewable (an energy source that can be replenished in a
short period of time) and nonrenewable (an energy source that we
are using up and cannot recreate in a short period of
time). Renewable and nonrenewable energy sources can be used to
produce secondary energy sources including electricity and
hydrogen.

• Renewable energy sources include solar energy, which comes from

the sun and can be turned into electricity and heat. Wind,
geothermal energy from inside the earth, biomass from plants, and
hydropower and ocean energy from water are also renewable
energy sources.

• However, we get most of our energy from nonrenewable energy

sources, which include the fossil fuels -- oil, natural gas, and coal.
They're called fossil fuels because they were formed over millions
and millions of years by the action of heat from the Earth's core and
pressure from rock and soil on the remains (or "fossils") of dead
plants and animals.
• Another nonrenewable energy source is the element
uranium, whose atoms we split (through a process
called nuclear fission) to create heat and ultimately
electricity.
• We use all these energy sources to generate the
electricity we need for our
homes, businesses, schools, and factories. Electricity
"energizes" our computers, lights, refrigerators,
washing machines, and air conditioners, to name only
a few uses.
• We use energy to run our cars and trucks. Both the
gasoline used in our cars, and the diesel fuel used in
our trucks are made from oil. The propane that fuels
our outdoor grills and makes hot air balloons soar is
made from oil and natural gas.
 Nonrenewable energy sources come out of the
ground as liquids, gases and solids. Right now,
crude oil (petroleum) is the only naturally liquid
commercial fossil fuel. Natural gas and propane
are normally gases, and coal is a solid. Coal,
petroleum, natural gas, and propane are all
considered fossil fuels because they formed
from the buried remains of plants and animals
that lived millions of years ago. Uranium ore, a
solid, is mined and converted to a fuel. Uranium
is not a fossil fuel. These energy sources are
considered nonrenewable because they can not
be replenished (made again) in a short period of
time. Renewable energy sources can be
replenished naturally in a short period of time.
Renewable energy sources can be replenished
in a short period of time.
• The five renewable sources used most often are:
– biomass
– water (hydropower),
– geothermal,
– wind,
– solar.
• Many important events have occurred during the
history of using renewable sources. The use of
renewable energy is not new. Five generations (125
years) ago, wood supplied up to 90 percent of our
energy needs. Due to the convenience and low prices
of fossil fuels, wood use has fallen in the United
States. Now, some biomass that would normally be
taken to the dump is converted into electricity (e.g.,
manufacturing wastes, rice hulls, and black liquor
from paper production).
Historically, low fossil fuel prices, especially for
Overall consumption from renewable sources in the
United States totaled 6.8 quads (quadrillion Btu) in
2006, or about 7 percent of all energy used
nationally. Consumption from renewable sources
was at its highest point in 1997, at about 7.2 quads.
Natural gas, have made growth difficult for
renewable fuels. A number of State and Federal
Government incentives, including the Energy Policy
Acts of 2002 and 2005, have encouraged the
production and use of renewable fuels. Even with
these incentives, the renewables share of the
"energy pie" in the United States is not expected to
change much over the next 25 years because we
will also be using more non-renewable fuels.
 The use of renewable sources is also limited by
the fact that they are not always available (for
example, cloudy days reduce solar energy, calm
days mean no wind blows to drive wind turbines,
droughts reduce water availability to produce
hydroelectricity). Despite these limitations,
renewable energy plays an important role in the
supply of energy. When renewable energy
sources are used, the demand for fossil fuels is
reduced. Unlike fossil fuels, most renewable
sources do not directly emit greenhouse gases.
 Each of the energy sources we use is measured,
purchased, and sold in a different form. Many
units of measurement are used to measure the
energy we use each day.
 USES OF ENERGY
• Residential- homes • Commercial - buildings

How Energy is Used in Commercial Buildings

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to exactly 100 percent

  Transportation- cars, tr
Industry and Manufacturing


ENERGY USE FOR TRANSPORTATION

Sources of Energy Used for Industry and Manufacturing

Fuels Used for Tranportation

 CAUSES & EFFECTS
 Every time we use energy it has many effects. Turning on
a light helps us to see better (an obvious effect!) and
adds a few pence to the electricity bill. But these two
things aren't the only effects...
 If you leave a light on longer than you need it, you use
more electricity than you need. In order to generate this
electricity, more fuel will have been used in the power
station than was needed. If the electricity comes from a
power station using fossil fuels, you will be using up a
non-renewable energy source faster than necessary. Also
the more energy is used, the more emissions (chemicals
that go into the air) there are... so you can see the effect
wasting energy has!
 Try to make the correct decisions to reduce the amount of
energy used and help to keep pollution levels down. As
you answer the questions, watch the cloud to see how
polluted or clean you are making it!
 HOW DOES WASTING


ENERGY CAUSE POLLUTION?

 As fossil fuels are burnt, gases are released into the
atmosphere. These gases trap heat that would
otherwise escape into space.
 This is called the "greenhouse effect". Other
pollution from burning fossil fuels causes "acid
rain". Acid rain can harm wildlife and buildings. If
we can use less energy, these effects will be
reduced.
 we can use less energy and avoid adding to the
greenhouse effect and acid rain
 ADVANTAGE OF ENERGY
SOURCES

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

• They cannot be depleted or diminished
• Easy to obtain and free
• Most of the sources do not pollute the environment or endanger
human health
• Used as alternative energy source to replaced energy sources
which are increasingly diminishing
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
• Nuclear power plants do not produce air pollutants and carbon
dioxide
• Petroleum is not only used to generate electricity. It can also be
used to produce useful products such as plastics, synthetic
fabrics, grease and lubricants
• Natural gas produces more energy per kilogram than petroleum
and coal do. It is also cleaner, produces less pollutants and
does not produces ash.
 LIMITATIONS

• RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

• High installation and maintenance cost
• Solar, wind and wave energy are not available all the
time because the availability depends on weather
conditions
• In the case of hydro energy, wide areas of land must be
cleared to build the dam. Hence, many natural habitats
may be destroyed
• NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

• The mining of uranium can cause environmental damage

• The leakage of radiation from nuclear power plants can harm living
organisms
• Burning of coal and petroleum produces carbon and carbon
monoxide that pollute the air
• Burning of coal produces sulphur dioxide that can cause acid rain
• Petroleum and natural gas are highly flammable and may cause fire
if not handled properly
• Burning of fossil fuels can also produce smokes that are harmful to
human’s health
 WAYS TO IMPROVE

ENERGY USAGE
• COOLING

• Check your air filter once a month by holding it up to a bright light. If you can't see
through it, it's time to clean or replace the filter.
• Use ceiling fans rather than the air conditioner when possible.
• Close curtains and blinds to help keep the sun out in the summer.
• Make sure there are no cracks around doors and windows.
• Avoid cooling rooms that are not occupied.
• Improving attic ventilation and insulation can lower the temperature of your home
during hot summer days. Also consider installing an attic fan to dispense hot air.
• Raising the thermostat to 78 degrees can save on cooling costs.
• Awnings, trees and large shrubs near windows all help to block out the heat from your
home.
• Avoid opening and closing doors. Heat enters and the cold air escapes.
• HEATING

• Open curtains and blinds to let the sun warm your home in the winter.
• Keep drapes closed at night to keep warm air indoors.
• Check your air filter once a month. Replace dirty filters regularly.
• Ensure that your home has proper insulation in walls, ceilings and floors.
• Storm windows and doors prevent warm air from escaping.
• Keep your fireplace damper closed when not in use.
• Keep your thermostat at the lowest temperature comfortable for you.
• Avoid opening and closing doors. Cold air enters and the heated air
escapes.

• LIGHTING

• Turn lights off when you leave a room.

• Use a timer or motion detector for outdoor lighting to turn it off when
not needed.
• Keep your light fixtures clean.
• Fluorescent bulbs last 10 times longer and use 75% less electricity.
 KITCHEN
 Use your microwave when possible to heat food rather than your
stove or oven.
 Make sure your oven door and refrigerator doors seal when
closed.
 Make sure you turn off your oven and stove top after cooking.
 Using a small pan on a large burner wastes energy and can be a
safety hazard.
 Cooking with a lid on your pan, keeps the heat inside and speeds
up cooking time.
 Use a toaster oven to cook small items.
 Avoid opening the oven door while cooking. It lowers the oven
temperature.
 Avoid running the dishwasher until it is full.
 Open the dishwasher after the rinse cycle and let your dishes air
dry instead of using the heated drying cycle.
 Check your refrigerator door seal to ensure that the door does
not leak cold air.
 Clean refrigerator condenser coils in the back and bottom to
increase efficiency.
 Be careful not to block the freezer fan that allows cold air to
circulate.
 Refrigerator temperature should be 36-38 degrees.
 Refrigerator freezer temperature should be 0-5 degrees.
 If possible, locate your refrigerator away from heating vents.
• WATER USAGE

• Insulate your water heater and hot water pipes.

• Lower your water heater temperature. 110 to 120 degrees is
sufficient.
• Use a “flow control” device on your showerheads and sink
faucets to regulate hot water usage.

• LAUNDRY

• Avoid washing clothes until you have a full load.

• Use a cold water detergent. The temperature of the water used
during the rinse cycle will not make your clothes any cleaner.
• Dry laundry loads one immediately after the other to use left
over heat efficiently.
• By reducing drying time, you can save energy and extend the
life of your fabrics.
• Moisture sensing dryers shut off automatically when your
clothes are dry.
• Clean out the dryer lint filter often to ensure proper air flow and
shorter dry times.
• OTHER USEFUL TIPS

• Turn your computer off at night.

• If you have a pool, set the pump to the minimum time required for the
time of year. You do not need to run the pump as long in the winter as
you do in the summer.
• Consider a solar heater for your pool.
• Turn off the hot tub when not in use.
• Unplug cell phones, cameras, lap tops, etc. when charged
 CURRENT ISSUES
• Tuesday, May 20, 2008
Monday,
Goldman SachsMayForecasts
19, 2008 Continued Rise in Oil Prices
Michael Klare'stheNew
Tuesday, May 20 - On Wall Street Energy
price of oil hit $130Order
per barrel amidst market fears of inflation and supply
concerns.
"Oil at $110 a barrel. Gasoline at $3.35 (or more) per gallon. Diesel fuel at
Amidst these concerns, Goldman Sachs issued a forecast that crude will reach $135 a barrel in the third quarter of
$42008
perand
gallon. Independent
rise to $145 truckers
in the fourth quarter. forced
While Saudi Arabiaoff the road.
announced Home
that they would heating oil rising
increase production by to
300,000 barrels a day (b/d) to 9.45 million b/d during June in order meet demand from US customers and President
unconscionable
Bush, under pressureprice levels.
from a vote Jet fuel
in Congress, halted soadditions
expensive
to the USthat three
Strategic low-cost
Petroleum airlines
Reserve, these
measures are widely dismissed as too little to affect prices.
stopped flying in the past few weeks. This is just a taste of the latest energy news,
signaling a profound change in how all of us, in this country and around the world,
are going to live - trends that, so far as anyone can predict, will only become more
pronounced as energy supplies dwindle and the global struggle over their allocation
intensifies."

So begins Michael Klare's article chronicling the end of the energy world as we
know it. Klare identifies intense competition over energy sources among economic
powers, insufficiency of existing energy supplies, the delay in developing alternative
energy sources, migration of wealth and power to energy-rich nations and a growing
risk of conflict as factors shaping our new energy reality.
• Monday, April 21, 2008
"Practical Peak Oil" Policy Highlighted in Saudi Arabia
In remarks that flew under the radar screen of American
media, Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah revealed orders to
preserve new oil discoveries untapped, in order to extend
the reign of oil wealth in his country. "When there were
some new finds, I told them, 'no, leave it in the ground, with
grace from god, our children need it'," King Abdullah said.
King Abdullah's position mimics that of Saudi oil minister Ali
al-Naimi who, when asked "How high can your production
go?" replied, "We’ll get to 12.5 million barrels a day and
then we’ll see." Current Saudi production capacity stands
at roughly 11.3 million bpd.
• Tuesday, April 15, 2008
Second Largest Oil Producer Posts Production Decline
Russia, the world's second-largest oil producer, indicated that it has
hit a plateau in production. In fact, Russia’s oil production last month,
9.76 million b/d, declined 1.3% compared to March 2007. Compared
to last October’s high-water mark of 9.93 million b/d, production has
declined 2.4%.
Previously, the Russian Natural Resources Minister warned that a
drop in oil production was likely for 2008 compared to 2007. The
downturn in Russian oil production did not come as a surprise within
the country, since various Russian experts during 2004-2005
vocalized concerns about future slowdowns.
The lack of sufficient pipeline capacity, high decline rates from aging
fields, and tough new tax regimes all grab some share of the blame
for the stagnant oil production rates. It is predicted that Russia will
cut taxes on oil companies to encourage development of new,
harder-to-reach deposits and thereby alleviate the market
stagnation.
Thursday, April 10, 2008
Oil Prices Hit Historic High
Oil prices set a new record high during trading on
Wednesday, April 9, topping out at $112 per barrel.
Rising oil prices can not turn to OPEC for alleviation, as
producers maintained their decision to cap production at
current levels.
Additionally, the larger than anticipated fall in U.S. crude
and gasoline inventories coupled with the declining value
of the dollar spurred oil trading on to a record high.
 Thank you for watching our slide.
WE WOULD LIKE TO APOLOGISE
TO ALL OF YOU IF WE HAD
DONE ANY MISTAKE. SURELY,
WE DIDN’T MEAN IT.

HOPE YOU ENJOY YOURSELF….

BYE!!!!