9.

Private
Automatic
Telephone Based
Exchange (PABX)
System
System
Specification
Connection system
Maintenance and Failure
Detection
 Communication Technology
Process of delivering information from
one destination to another destination by
using code and storan system.
 There is 4 category of communication :
1. Audio freq - In range of 10Hz to 20kHz
2. Visual – visible material
3. Graphic – producing information in
picture form
4. Electronic – base on effect of electron
flow
 Private Automatic Branch/Telephone Exchange
(PABX)
 There is 2 types of telephone swithing board :
1. PMBX 2. PABX
1. PMBX
 Originally an organization's manual switchboard
(operated by a person plugging cables into sockets) was
known as a PMBX (Private Manual Branch Exchange).
 Based from original system PMBX (Private Manual
Branch Exchange) – where the contacted no. is
connected manually by the operator.
2. PABX
 PABX is an electronic switching systems that replace the
manual & electromechanical switching system.
 PABX system able to conduct call @ call distribution
automatically with operator @ in direct (w/out operator)
if the extension no. available.
 In addition to telephone sets, fax machines, modems
and many other communication devices can be
connected to a PBX as well (although the PBX may
degrade line quality for modems). All such devices are
generally referred to as extensions.
• A telephone operator manually connected calls with patch
cables at a telephone switchboard. Computers make most
connections now.
 PABX Functions
 Basically, PABX performs three main duties:
1. Establishing connections (circuits) between the
telephone sets of two users. Main switching
controller that connect & disconnect telephone
connection in a department or office.
(i.e. mapping a dialed number to a physical phone,
ensuring the phone isn't already busy)
2. Maintaining such connections as long as the users
require them. (i.e. channeling voice signals between
the users)
3. Providing information for accounting purposes (i.e.
metering calls)
 In addition to these basic functions, PABXs offer
many other capabilities, depend to the manufacturers
providing different features : -
- Auto Attendant - Speed dialling - Voice mail
- Call transfer - Music on hold - Call waiting
- Call forwarding on busy - Conference call
A. Specification for PABX design
 Should follow spec as below :-
1. Min. control panel with capability to be connected
to PABX/ normal telephone, direct call (emergency
call) w/out operator & connection to PA system.
2. Digitally design.
3. Easy to handle modification in user data base
( using software application) with no intterruption
to other services.
4. Able to conduct internal call or feed the
connection outside to the public telephone
network @ to the other PABX network.
5. Power supply – DC (48V) @ AC supply.
6. Able to conduct manually (operator) or
automatically.
7. Attached with port for connection to ISDN PRI
(Primary Rate Interface) network.
8. Power supply to customer telephone should
supply by the PABX system.
 Operator

Computer

ISDN PRI Line Rangkaian

PSTN/ISDN

PABX
Telephone

Fax

PABX connection system in private area

 PABX system connected to the normal telephone network
(PSTN-Public Switch Telephone Network) pass through the
ISDN PRI (Integrated Services Digital Network – Primary
Rate Interface)
 User can make internal call without passing through the
operator by dialling the last 3 @ 4 no. depand to the
setting made in the system.
 Calls on a key system are made by selecting a specific
outgoing line and dialing the external number; calls on a
PBX are made by dialing 9 (or 0 in some systems) followed
by the external number; an outgoing trunk line is
automatically selected upon which to complete the call.
 External call (in/out to private area) will be controlled by
operator.
 ISDN PRI that is used for connection between PABX to
PSTN have a capacity 2.014Mbps that have 30 channel &
capable to conduct 30 traffic/call even for telephone, fax
or dial up internet in the same time.
 The no. of PABX user not only 30 user even
the external outline can conduct max. 30
traffic in a time.

 If in one time the user exceed max 30 user,

the 31st user will have to wait until the
active user disconnect the line.

 However, there is no limit for internal call.

It’s depend to the capability of the PABX
system itself.

 Nowdays, the existing public telephone

network in Malaysia is supply by TM and
Maxis.
 Pejabat
Cawangan 1

Rangkaian
PSTN
PABX

Pejabat
Cawangan 2

Pejabat Utama

Pejabat
Cawangan 3

PABX connection system for private / branch network

 PABX system also can be use for connection
between the headquarters office and the branch
office by using the ISDN line .
 The branch office user can communicate with their
collegue by dialling the last 3 @ 4 no. only.
 In addition, a limited number of outside lines (called
trunk lines) are usually available for making and
receiving calls external to the site (i.e. to the public
telephone network).
 Companies with multiple sites can connect their
PBXs together with trunk lines. PBX services can
also be provided by equipment located off site at a
central provider, delivering services over the public
telephone network. This is known as a hosted PBX.
For example, most local phone companies offer a
Centrax service in which each extension has a trunk
line connected to the telephone company's Central
Office.
 Normally, the private/ branch network applied by
the giant company.
 ISDN
a circuit-switched telephone network system
(computerized) designed to allow digital
transmission of voice & data over ordinary
telephone copper wires, resulting in better
quality & higher speeds than that available in
PSTN system. ISDN provides simultaneous voice,
video, and text transmission between individual
desktop videoconferencing systems and group
(room) videoconferencing systems.
 PSTN
The public switched telephone network (PSTN)
is the network of the world's public circuit-
switched telephone networks, in much the same
way that the internet is the network of the
world's public IP-based packet switched
networks.
Interface standards

 Interfaces for connecting extensions to a PABX include:

- POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) - the common two-wire
interface used in most homes. This is cheap and effective, and
allows almost any standard phone to be used as an extension.

- proprietary - the manufacturer has defined a protocol. One can

only connect the manufacturer's sets to their PBX, but the benefit
is more visible information displayed and/or specific function
buttons.

- DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications)

> a standard for connecting cordless phones.

- Internet Protocol - used for communicating data across a

packet-switched internetwork. For example, H.323 and SIP.
 Interfaces for connecting PBXs to each other
include:
- proprietary protocols - if equipment from several
manufacturers are on site, the use of a standard
protocol is required.

- QSIG - QSIG is an ISDN based signaling protocol for

signalling between private branch exchanges (PBXs) in
a Private Integrated Services Network (PISN) for
connecting PBXs to each other, usually runs over T1 (T-
carrier) or E1 (E-carrier) physical circuits.

- DPNSS - for connecting PBXs to trunk lines.

Standardised by British Telecom, this usually runs over
E1 (E-carrier) physical circuits.

- Internet Protocol - H.323, SIP and IAX protocols are

IP based solutions which can handle voice and
multimedia (e.g. video) calls.
 Interfaces for connecting PBXs to trunk
lines include:
- standard POTS lines - the common two-wire
interface used in most domestic homes. This is
adequate only for smaller systems, and can suffer
from not being able to detect incoming calls when
trying to make an outbound call.
- ISDN - the most common digital standard for
fixed telephony devices. This can be supplied in
either Basic (2 circuit capacity) or Primary (24 or
30 circuit capacity) versions. Most medium to
large companies would use Primary ISDN circuits
carried on T1 or E1 physical connections.
- Internet Protocol - H.323, SIP, MGCP, and IAX
protocols operate over IP and are supported by
some network providers.
 Interfaces for collecting data from the PBX:
- Serial interface - historically used to print
every call record to a serial printer. Now an
application connects via serial cable to this port.
- Network Port (Listen mode) - where an external
application connects to the TCP or UDP port. The
PBX then starts streaming information down to
the application.
- Network Port (Server mode) - The PBX connects
to another application or buffer.
- File - The PBX generates a file containing the call
records from the PBX.
Numbering system that is used in the PABX system
 PABX used their own numbering system.
 Bg internal call, user only need to dial the extension no.
This is because small switching system is applied in the
company.
 Low cost - internal call X no need to pay bill.
 PABX system more than 50 line – 2 digit
PABX system more than 50-500 line – 3 digit
PABX system more than 500 line – 4 digit depend to
PABX capacity.
 No 0, 1, 8, 9 cannot be use as a starting number.
 0 – call operator
1 – service call
9 – external call
8 – Menarik panggilan
 If the PABX not fulfill the SIRIM requirement, the
PABX cannot market in Malaysia.
Used Digit No Function
1X Service call
2XXX Nombor Sambungan
3XXX Nombor Sambungan
4XXX Nombor Sambungan
5XXX Nombor Sambungan
6XXX Nombor Sambungan
7XXX Nombor Sambungan
8X Tarik panggilan
9 Membuat panggilan
luar
0 PABX Operator