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PERCEPTION
ANCY K STEPHEN
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WHAT DO YOU SEE?

WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE, WE
SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.

PERCEPTION
In simpler sense perception is
understood as the act of seeing what is
there to be seen. But what is seen is
influenced by the perceiver, the object
and the environment .
PERCEPTION DEFINITION
A process by which individuals organize and
interpret their sensory impressions in order to
give meaning to their environment .


Perception can be defined as the process of
receiving, selecting, organising ,interpreting ,
checking and reacting to sensory stimuli or data.

Factors affecting perception:
Factors in the perceiver
Attitudes
Motives
Interests
Experience
Expectations
Perception
Factors in the Target
Motion
Novelty
Sounds
Size
Background
Proximity
Similarity
Factors in the situation
Time
Work Setting
Social Setting
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Receiving Stimuli

Selecting Stimuli
Organizing

Response
Perceptual Process
Interpreting
SELECTION OF STIMULI
selection is the first process in perception

the process of filtering information received by our
sense is called selecting stimuli.

we are selecting the stimuli through our senses,
like...
Sight



Sound

External

intensity
Size
Contrast
Movement
Repetition
Novelty and
familarity


Internal

Learning
psychological needs
Age difference
Interest
personality

several factors are there which influence
selective attention
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EXTERNAL ATTENTION FACTORS
Intensity
According to the intensity principle of attention, the
intensity of an external stimulus determines its
probability of being perceived.
Example:
Light Colour Bright Colour
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Size:
A larger object is more likely to be noticed than a
smaller object.
Example:
Which you can read fast?
God is great
God is great
External Attention Factors
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Contrast: According to the principles of
contrast, the stimuli that contradict most with
the background or the expectations of people
receive maximum attention.
Example: Which white square is smaller?
External Attention Factors
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Motion:
People gives more attention to moving objects
than the stationery objects.
Example:
Moving object Stationery object
External Attention Factors Contd
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Repetition
The more number of
times a stimulus is
repeated, the more it
is likely to be noticed
Novelty and
Familiarity:
New objects in a
familiar situation or
familiar objects in a
situation draw the
perceivers
attention.
External Attention Factors Contd
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Internal Set Factors
Learning and Perception:
Learning by itself plays a major role in
developing the perceptual set.
Example:

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Psychological
needs:
Theprimary &
secondary
motives:
Hunger and Thirst
The need for
power, The need
for affiliation and
The need for
achievement
Age difference
and Perception:


Old and young
people
ORGANISING
organisation is the second stage in the
perception process.
which helps gain the perceivers attention.
The stimuli received must be organized so
as to assign some meaning to them.
This aspect of forming bits of information
into meaningful wholes is called the
perpetual organization.





FIGURE-GROUND ILLUSTRATION
Figure-ground basic form of perceptual
organization

the perceived object stand out as separable from their
general background

PERCEPTUAL GROUPING

Our tendency to group several individual stimuli
into a meaningful and recognizable pattern.
It is very basic in nature and largely it seems to
be inborn.
Some factors underlying grouping are
-continuity -closure
-proximity -similarity





INTERPRETATION
after the selection and organising the stimuli has
to interpret them in order to make a sensible
meaning.

it is a subjective and judgemental process.

perceiver uses his assumption of
people,things,object, and situation.

he makes attributions,uses his judgemental skills
distorts information,adds/delete information
brings his own subjective feelings,opinion,and
emotions,in interpreting and drawing the
measures

RESPONSE
The last phase of the
process.


response can be
positive or negative
based on perception.


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ANY MOVEMENT YOU SEE IS AN ILLUSION!

Thank you