DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

7
TH
SEMESTER
PROJECT TITLE : PUNCTURE AND SKIDDING
MANAGEMENT FOR TWO WHEELER

Under The Guidance of: Prof. A.V.TUMBAL
Project Batch No. : 14
Team Members:

ANIL S KUMBAR 2BV08AU002
MOHAN P 2BV08AU023
RAMESH B PATIL 2BV08AU065

1
CONTENTS
Objective
Literature survey
Specifications of vehicle used
Schematic representation of front wheel arrangement
and working of front wheel arrangement.
Schematic representation of rear wheel arrangement
Components to be designed
Design calculations secondary rear axle, Rear vertical
member,Front vertical member.
Front and rear wheel arrangement models
Reference


2
OBJECTIVE
To provide the mechanism in two wheelers
to avoid the skidding of the front wheel and to
provide the auxiliary mechanism for both front
and rear wheel in two wheelers for puncture
management.

3
LITERATURE SURVEY
Skidding is one of the major causes of accidents.
Arising from a lack of anticipation and knowledge of skid
prevention.
This resulting in dangerously excessive speeds relative to
prevailing conditions.
The arrangement consists of extended arms attached
with small wheels on both sides of the front wheel to act
as supports in the case of skidding.
4
Puncture is also a major problem faced by the riders
but in contrast to skidding it does not affect life.

To push the two-wheeler weighing above 100kg to the
nearest garage is a no mere task. An arrangement
similar to the supporting wheels in a bicycle can
help us to move without much effort.

5
SPECIFICATIONS OF VEHICLE USED
Model: Yamaha RX 100
Power : 11.50 HP(8.4 kW) @ 7500 RPM
Max RPM: 5800
Torque: 8.60Nm @6500rpm
Gear Box: 4-Speed.
Transmission type, final drive: Chain
Dry weight: 99.0 kg




6
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF
FRONT WHEEL ARRANGEMENT
7
WORKING OF FRONT WHEEL
ARRANGEMENT
In case of skidding when the driver applies the front
brakes to maximum potential the arrangement is
provided in the front brake lever by which hook is
triggered because of that side wheels will come down to
certain extent so that it prevents skidding.

In case of puncture the driver has to lift the front wheel
above the ground and the circular pipe is lowered from its
usual position and the hook arrangement is fixed in the
lowest position which is meant for puncture.
8
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF
REAR WHEEL ARRANGEMENT
9
CALCULATIONS FOR SECONDARY
REAR AXLE
In order to design the shaft, the forces due to the weight of the vehicle,
driver , bearings, sprockets and various other components is considered
along with factor of safety.

Torque, T = 9550*10
3
*(P/n
2
)
T= 9550*10
3
*(8.4/2000)
T

= 41594.076 N-mm
due to the presence of Sprocket, T= F
t
*r
41594.076 = F
t
*(56/2)
F
t
=1485.50 N
Ref: Design Data Hand Book by Mahadevan









10

Free body diagram of secondary rear axle







Taking moments about A,
R
E
*500 = (1000*456.5) + (1485.50*150) + (1000*43.5)
R
E
= 1445.65N
Taking moments about E,
R
A
*500 = (1000*456.5) + (1485.50*350) + (1000*43.5)
R
A
= 2039.85 N
11
1000N 1485.50N 1000N



43.5 106.5 306.5 43.5

500
A B C D E

Bending moments:

Bending moment at A = 0

Bending moment at B = (2039.85*43.5) = 88733.475 N-mm

Bending moment at C = (2039.85*150) (1000*106.5) = 199477.5 N-mm

Bending moment at D = (1445.65*43.5) =62885.775N-mm

Bending moment at E = 0

Hence, Max. bending moment = M
b
= 199477.5 N-mm

M
b
= 199477.5 N-mm


12
The shaft is designed on maximum shear stress theory
Therefore, Diameter of the shaft,
D = {(16/(*
ed
))[(K
b
M
b
)
2
+ (K
t
T)
2
]
1/2
}
1/3

Therefore, Diameter of the shaft,
For suddenly applied loads and minor shocks, K
b
= 1.5 and K
t
= 1.0
Yield strength of Mild Steel = 320MPa

y
=
y
/2 = 320/2 = 160MPa

ed
=
y
/FOS =
y
/2 = 160/2 = 80MPa
D = {(16/(*80))[(1.5* 199477.5)
2
+ (1*41594.076)
2
]
1/2
}
1/3
Hence the diameter of the shaft is found to be D=26.76mm
According to standard dimensions, D= 30mm


13
CALCULATIONS FOR REAR
VERTICAL MEMBER
W
cr
= (
c
*A*k
2
)/ (k
2
+L
2
)
W
cr
=crippling load=W*factor of safety
W=load acting on the vertical member
k= least radius of gyration of square section
L= equivalent length=(l/2)

c
= compressive yield stress
A= cross sectional area of rod
14
DRAWINGS OF REAR VERTICAL
MEMBER
15



CALCULATIONS FOR FRONT
VERTICAL MEMBER
W
cr
= (
c
*A*k
2
)/ (k
2
+L
2
)
W
cr
=crippling load=W*factor of safety
W=load acting on the circular pipe
k= least radius of gyration of circular section
L= equivalent length=(l/2)

c
= compressive yield stress
A= cross sectional area of rod
16
DRAWINGS OF FRONT VERTICAL
MEMBER
17
FRONT WHEEL ARRANGEMENT
18
REAR WHEEL ARRANGEMENT

19
REFERENCE
A text book of machine design by R.S.Khurmi and
J.K. Gupta

Design data handbook by K. Mahadevan and K
Balaveerareddy

http//wikipidea.org
20



Thank you
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