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Computer Software Concept

Chapter 2

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Contents
Introduction
Types of software
Software development

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Objectives
At the end of this topic, students should be able
to:
Differentiate between the two major types of
software.
Describe the general functions of the operating
system.
Describe the general functions of the application
system.
Describe the general process of software
development.

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Introduction
History
Less important when computer was first
introduced.
Why? Computer was literally hardwired
Software become important today. Why?
Price of hardware has decreased
Software development process is slow-complexity

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Introduction
Software today
Difficult to produce software
Must carefully engineered and developed
manually
Requires skills

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Introduction
Software ;
Consists of computer program
Stored program instructions are executed in CPU
Allows the hardware do something useful

2 types of software
System software
Application software

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Introduction
Application Software
System Software
Hardware

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Types of software

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Types of software
Systems software
Programs which help the user control and make best use
of the hardware
Intermediary between computer hardware and application
programs
Control and coordinates computer operation

Applications software
Programs that have been written to perform a specific task
Provide functionality for users
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Types of software
System software
2 categories:
Operating system
Supervises the overall operations of the
computer
Other type of system software
System utilities
System support programs
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Types of software
Common microcomputer (desktop) operating systems include:
Windows
Mac OS
Linux

Functions of OS includes:

Processor management
Memory management
Device management
Storage management
Application interface
User interface

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Types of software
Other type of system software
System utilities.

Programs that accomplish common tasks such as sorting

records, locating files, and managing memory usage
E.g.
Anti-Virus
Compression
Backup/Restore
Registry Cleanup
Scan disk/disk repair
Hardware diagnostics
Encryption/decryption

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Types of software
Other type of system software
System support programs
supports the operations management and
users
providing a variety of support services
e.g. performance monitors, and security
monitors

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Types of software
Application software
2 categories:
Generic (general purpose)
Can be used for a wide variety of tasks
e.g. spreadsheets can be used for accounts, sales
analysis, forecasting and many others.

Specific
Perform a single task.
E.g. Accounting software is capable of doing only
accounting related tasks.
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Types of software
Generic software includes:

Word processing
Spreadsheets
Database management
Graphics
Presentation
Web page authoring
Web browsing
Email

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Types of software
Common specific applications include:

Payroll
School Administration
Booking systems
Stock control/warehousing

Both generic and specialist applications can be

bought custom or off-the-shelf.
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Software Development

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Software Development
What is software development?
Translation of a user need into a software
product
Involve software development process.
Synonym as software process or software
development life cycle (SDLC)
Every software development project have
generic SDLC
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Software Development
There are several software development
model with different approach.
E.g. : waterfall, iterative, prototyping, etc.

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Software Development
Phases in SDLC:

Feasibility study (survey)

Requirement analysis
System analysis
System design
System implementation
System evaluation
System maintenance
Documentation

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Feasibility
Study

Requirement
Analysis

Documentation

System
Analysis

System
Maintenance

System
Design

System
Evaluation

System
Implementation

Software Development Life Cycle

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Software Development
Feasibility study
a process that briefly examine user needs
conducted within short period of time
very important as it measures whether to
proceed the project or not

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Software Development
Requirement analysis
to find out what are the users requirement of the
software
done through interview and discussion session among
users
important as system design will rely on the
requirements stated
misunderstood of requirements will lead to major
failure of SW development
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Software Development
System analysis
requirements gathered are being analyzed
analysis will lead to the next phase
designing of the software

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Software Development
System design
the exact configuration of HW (processing,
storage, I/O and network components) and
SW (OS or NOS) components is specified
select application program development tools
(programming language and DBMS)

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Software Development
System implementation
implements the plan formulated during design
phase
HW and SW are installed, configured and
tested
entire system are check (functionality)
meets users needs (as defined in analysis
phase)
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Software Development
System evaluation
evaluation is necessary to measure the
success of the development
evaluation will subsequently leads to better
improvements
improvements will be done in the
maintenance phase
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Software Development
System maintenance
obtain the input from the evaluation phase
weakness and mistakes would be corrected
here
produce better system which meet users
needs

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Software Development
Documentation
very important without it difficult to trace
back flow of system being developed act as
reference
system reusable and training needs reference
cost analysis can be done effective based on
documentation
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End of Chapter 2

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